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A map is a symbolic image that emphasizes the relationship between elements of a certain space, such as objects, regions, or themes.

Many maps are static, attached to paper or some other durable medium, while others are dynamic or interactive. Although maps are commonly used to represent geography, they can represent any space, real or fictitious, without regard to context or scale, for example, in brain mapping, DNA mapping, or computer network topology. The displayed space can be two-dimensional, such as the surface of the earth, three-dimensional, such as the inner space of the Earth, or even more abstract spaces of any dimension, such as those arising from the modeling of phenomena that have many independent variables.

Although the earliest known maps relate to heaven, geographical maps of the territory have a very long tradition and have existed since ancient times. The word “map” comes from the medieval Latin Mappa mundi, where mappa meant a napkin or cloth and the peace of the world. Thus, the “map” has become a shortened term referring to the two-dimensional representation of the surface of the world.

Cartography or the creation of maps is the study and practice of creating images of the Earth on a flat surface, and the one who makes the maps is called a cartographer.

Roadmaps are perhaps the most widely used maps today and form a subset of navigation maps, which also include aeronautical and nautical charts, maps of the railway network, and maps for hiking and cycling. In terms of quantity, the largest number of carton sheets is likely to be local surveys conducted by municipalities, utilities, tax inspectors, emergency providers and other local agencies. Many national geodetic projects were carried out by the military, such as the British Artillery Survey, a civilian government agency known worldwide for its comprehensive, detailed work.

In addition to location information, maps can also be used to display contour lines indicating constant values ​​for altitude, temperature, rainfall, etc.

Map orientation is the relationship between the directions on the map and the corresponding compass directions in reality. The word “orient” comes from the Latin landmark, which means east. In the Middle Ages, many maps, including the T and O maps, were drawn with the east at the top (this means that the up direction on the map corresponds to the east on the compass). The most common cartographic agreement is that the north is at the top of the map.

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