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A nuclear explosion is an explosion that results from the rapid release of energy from a high-speed nuclear reaction. The driving reaction can be nuclear fission or nuclear fusion, or a multi-stage cascading combination of both, although so far all thermonuclear weapons have used fission devices to initiate thermonuclear fusion, and pure fusion-based weapons remain a hypothetical device.

Atmospheric nuclear explosions are associated with mushroom clouds, although mushroom clouds can occur with large chemical explosions. Without these clouds, an air-burst nuclear explosion with can occur. Nuclear explosions produce radiation and radioactive debris.

The first man made nuclear explosion occurred on July 16, 1945 at 5:50 a.m. at Trinity Test Site near Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA, in the area now known as the White Sands Missile Range. The event included the full-scale testing of an implosion-type fission atomic bomb. In a memorandum addressed to the US Secretary of War, General Leslie Groves described production as the equivalent to 15,000 to 20,000 tons of TNT. After this test, on August 6, 1945, a nuclear bomb with a 15 kiloton uranium-gun type nuclear bomb (Little Boy) was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima; and the bomb “Plutonium implosion” (“Fat Man”) Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 with an explosion with a yield of 21 kilotons. In the years after World War II, eight countries conducted nuclear tests using 2,475 devices fired in 2,120 tests.

In 1963, the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, promising to refrain from testing nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, under water, or in outer space. The contract allows for underground testing. Many other non-nuclear nations joined the Treaty after its entry into force; However, France and China (both nuclear-weapon states) are not.

Only two nuclear weapons were used in combat – both from the United States against Japan during World War II. The first incident occurred on the morning of August 6, 1945, when the US Army Air Force dropped a uranium gun-type device codenamed “Little Boy” in the city of Hiroshima, killing 70,000 people, including 20,000 Japanese fighters and 20,000. Korean slave laborers. The second incident took place three days later, when the US Army Air Force in the city of Nagasaki launched a plutonium implosion-type device, codenamed “Fat Man.” It killed 39,000 people, including 27,778 Japanese munitions workers, 2,000 Korean slave laborers and 150 Japanese militants. In total, about 109 thousand people died as a result of the terrorist attacks. Most governments view nuclear weapons as a “deterrent”; The sheer scale of the destruction caused by nuclear weapons did not allow serious consideration of their use in warfare.

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