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Painting is the application of paint, pigment, color, or other material onto a hard surface (called a “matrix” or “support”). The product is usually applied to the base with a brush, but other tools such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes can be used.

In art, the term “painting” describes both the act and the result of the action (the final work is called a “painting”). A painting substrate includes surfaces such as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, ceramic, leaf, copper, and concrete, and the painting can include many other materials, including sand, clay, paper, gypsum, gold leaf, and others—even whole objects.

Painting is an important form of visual arts, introducing elements such as drawing, composition, gesture (as in gesture drawing), storytelling (as in narrative art), and abstraction (as in abstract art). Paintings can be naturalistic and representative (as in still life and landscape paintings), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolist (as in symbolic art), emotional (as in expressionism) and political (as in artistry). ).

The history of painting in both Eastern and Western art is dominated by religious art. Examples of this type of painting range from works of art depicting mythological figures on ceramics, to biblical scenes on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to scenes from the life of the Buddha (or other depictions of Eastern religious origins).

Color, made up of hue, saturation, and meaning scattered across a surface, is the essence of painting, just as pitch and rhythm are the essences of music. Color is highly subjective but has an observational psychological effect, although it can vary from one culture to another. Black is associated with mourning in the West and white in the East. Several artists, theorists, writers and scientists, including Goethe, Kandinsky and Newton, have written their own theory of color.

Moreover, the use of the language is only an abstraction for the color equivalent. The word “red”, for example, can encompass a wide range of variations from pure red to the visible spectrum of light. There is no formalized register with different colors, as there is an agreement for different notes in music such as F or C♯. For an artist, color is not simply divided into basic (primary) and derivative (complementary or mixed) colors (for example, red, blue, green, brown, etc.).

Painters deal practically with pigments, so any of blue can be “blue” for an artist: phthalocyanine blue, Prussian blue, indigo, cobalt blue, ultramarine, etc. Psychological and symbolic meanings of color, strictly speaking, are not by means of painting. Colors only add to the potential, extracted context of meanings, and therefore the perception of a painting is highly subjective.

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