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Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which a woman develops one or more offspring. Multiple pregnancy involves more than one offspring, such as twins. Pregnancy usually occurs during intercourse but can be achieved with assisted reproductive technology procedures. Pregnancy can result in a live birth, miscarriage, induced abortion, or stillbirth. Labor usually occurs about 40 weeks after the start of the last menstrual period (LMP). This is just over nine months (gestational age), with an average of 31 days each month. They are using the age for fertilization of about 38 weeks. The embryo is the developing offspring during the first eight weeks after fertilization (gestational age ten weeks), after which the term fetus is used up to birth. Early pregnancy signs and symptoms may include missed periods, breast tenderness, nausea and vomiting, hunger, and urinary frequency. Pregnancy can be confirmed with a pregnancy test.

Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters, each lasting about three months. The first trimester involves the conception when the sperm fertilizes the egg. The fertilized egg then travels through the fallopian tube and attaches to the inside of the uterus, where it begins to form an embryo and placenta. During the first trimester, the possibility of miscarriage (natural death of the embryo or fetus) is highest. Around the middle of the second trimester, fetus movement can be felt. By 28 weeks, more than 90% of babies can survive outside the womb if they receive quality medical care.

Prenatal care improves pregnancy outcomes. Prenatal care may include folate supplementation, drug cessation, smoking and alcohol, regular exercise, blood tests, and regular check-ups. Complications of pregnancy can include abnormal blood pressure, gestational diabetes, iron deficiency anaemia, and severe nausea and vomiting. Ideally, labour begins on its own when the woman arrives “on time”. Babies born 37 weeks ago are “preterm” and have a higher risk of health problems such as cerebral palsy. Babies born between 37 and 39 weeks of age are considered “early term”, and babies born between 39 and 41 weeks are considered “full-term”. Babies born between 41 and 42 weeks are considered “late-term”, while after 42 weeks, they are considered “post-term”. Delivery before 39 weeks by induction of labor or caesarean section is not recommended unless required for other medical reasons.

In 2012, there were about 213 million pregnancies, of which 190 million (89%) occurred in developing countries and 23 million (11%) in developed countries. The number of pregnancies among women aged 15 to 44 is 133 per 1000 women. Approximately 10% to 15% of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage.

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