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Roar is a type of animal vocalization consisting of both a low fundamental frequency (pitch) and a low frequency formant. Many mammals have the ability to roar and other roar-like vocalizations. These include big cats, bears, several pinnipeds, hammer-headed bats, elephants, various bovidae, deer, gorillas and howler monkeys.

The ability to roar has an anatomical basis, often including modifications to the larynx and hyoid bone, and increased internal airspace for low-frequency acoustic resonance. When they roar, animals can stretch their necks and elevate their heads to increase the resonance space.

Roaring mammals have developed various ways to achieve their vocalization. A proportionally large larynx contributes to a deeper fundamental frequency. The male hhammer-headed bat has a larynx, which occupies most of its chest cavity and is half its spine.

The large larynx also has enlarged vocal cords, which also contributes to a deeper pace; with an increase in the mass of folds, the speed of their oscillations decreases. In addition, big cats (lion, tiger, leopard and jaguar, called “growling cats”) have vocal cords of a square shape, in contrast to the triangular cords of other fields; this allows them to have a stronger conversation with less lung pressure. The elasticity of the larynx and the length of the vocal tract affect the shape of the sound. In big cats and male deer and deer, specialized muscles, when thundering, pull the larynx deeper into the vocal tract, reducing the resonance of the vocal tract.

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