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An airplane or a aeroplane (informally plane) is powered by a fixed-wing aircraft that propelled forward with a jet engine, an propeller or rocket engine. Aircraft come in different sizes, shapes and wings. A wide range of aviation includes recreation, transportation of goods and people, military and scientific research.

Invention

Worldwide, commercial aircraft transport more than four billion passengers a year by passenger airliners and transports more than 200 billion tons-kilometres of cargo per year, which is less than 1% of the global cargo movement. Most aircraft are piloted on board, but some are designed for remote or computer-controlled.

The Wright brothers invented and fled the first aircraft in 1903, recognized as “the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight”. They were built on the work of George Cayley, referring to 1799, when set forth the concept of a modern aircraft (and later built and operated models and successful passenger-carrying gliders).

Commercial

Most airplanes are built by companies that seek to produce them for customers. The design and planning process, including safety tests, can last up to four years for smaller turbines or longer for larger aircraft.

Testing

During this process, the objectives and technical characteristics of the aircraft must be defined. First, the construction company uses drawings and equations, simulations, aerodynamic tests in the wind tunnel and experience to predict the behaviour of the aircraft. Companies use computers for the design, planning and initial modelling of aircraft. Small models and mockups of all or some parts of the aircraft are tested in aerodynamic tunnels to verify its aerodynamics.

When the design has gone through these processes, the company creates a limited number of prototypes for ground tests. Representatives of the aviation department of aviation often make the first flight. The flight tests continue until the aircraft meets all the requirements. The governing public agency then authorized the company to begin production.

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