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Artificial turf is a surface made of synthetic fibres that looks like natural grass. It is most commonly used in sports arenas that were originally or usually played on grass. However, it is now also used for residential lawns and commercial applications. The main reason is maintenance – artificial floors can withstand heavy use, such as sports, and do not require watering or trimming. Domed, covered and semi-covered stadiums may require artificial turf because it is difficult for grasses to get enough sunlight to maintain health. However, artificial flooring has its drawbacks: limited lifespan, the need for periodic cleaning, oil use, toxic chemicals when filling, and increased concerns about health and safety.

Artificial turfs first gained attention in 1966 when they were installed at the annual Astrodome. The specific product used is ChemGrass, developed by Monsanto and renamed AstroTurf; the term has since become a generic trademark for any artificial grass in the late 20th century. AstroTurf remains a registered trademark but is no longer owned by Monsanto.

Second and third generation turf systems have primarily replaced first-generation turf systems (i.e. short-pile fibres without infill) since the 1960s. Second generation synthetic turfs systems contain longer sand fibres and fillers. In contrast, the third generation systems that are most widely used today offer fillers that are mixtures of sand and recycled rubber granules or “crumb rubber“.

David Chaney, who moved to Raleigh, North Carolina in 1960, and then served as Dean of the College of Textiles at North Carolina State University, led a research team at Triangle Research Park that created the first remarkable artificial turf. The move prompted Sports Illustrated to declare Chaney the man “in charge of indoor baseball in the Major Leagues and millions of welcome mats.”

The artificial turf was first installed in 1964 in a recreation area at the Moses Brown School in Providence, Rhode Island. The material became known to the public in 1966 when AstroTurf was installed at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas. A modern indoor stadium tried to use natural grass in its original 1965 season, but to no avail, and conditions on the pitch were extremely poor in the second half of the season, and the dead grass was painted green. Due to the limited supply of new artificial turf, only the interior was installed in front of the new Houston Astros device in April 1966; The field was established in early summer during a long voyage to the Astros and was first used after the All-Star break in July.

The use of AstroTurf and similar surfaces became widespread in the United States and Canada in the early 1970s, installed in both indoor and outdoor stadiums used for baseball and football. More than 11,000 artificial turf playing fields have been installed throughout the country.

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