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A form of steel fence wire having sharp edges or points spaced throughout the strands is known as barbed wire, sometimes known as barb wire. It is put on top of walls enclosing secured property and is used to build affordable fences. It is a key component of trench warfare fortifications as well (as a wire obstacle).

Barbed wire may cause discomfort and probably even damage to any person or animal attempting to cross it. All that is needed for barbed wire fencing are fence posts, wire, and fasteners like staples. Even a non-skilled individual can quickly and easily put it together.

Lucien B. Smith of Kent, Ohio, who is credited as the inventor, received the first barbed wire patent in the United States in 1867. After modifying earlier designs, Joseph F. Glidden of DeKalb, Illinois, was granted a patent for the contemporary innovation in 1874.

The first wire technique that could confine livestock was barbed wire. Compared to other types, wire fences are less expensive and simpler to install (one such alternative is Osage orange, a thorny bush that is time-consuming to transplant and grow). In the United States, wire fences were widely accessible in the late 19th century. This made it more economical to fence far bigger regions than it had previously been possible to, and intensive animal husbandry became feasible on a much larger scale.

The first farmers in the Fresno, California, area spent nearly $4,000 (equivalent to $90,000 in 2021) to have wood for fencing delivered and erected to protect 2,500 acres (1,000 ha) of wheat crop from free-ranging livestock in 1872. This is an example of the costs of fencing with lumber before the invention of barbed wire.

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