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In painting and conventional color theory, as well as in the RGB color model, blue is one of the three primary colors of pigments. On the visible light spectrum, it is located between violet and green. When light with a prominent wavelength between 450 and 495 nanometres is seen by the eye, it is seen as blue.

Most blues have a tinge of other colors; azure has a hint of green, while ultramarine has a hint of violet. Because of an optical phenomena known as Rayleigh scattering, the bright midday sky and the deep water seem blue. Blue eyes are explained by the Tyndall effect, an optical phenomenon. Another optical phenomenon known as aerial perspective causes distant objects to look more blue.

Since ancient times, blue has been a popular color in art and décor. In ancient Egypt, the semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used for jewelry and ornamentation, and later in the Renaissance, it was used to create ultramarine, the most costly of all pigments.

Cobalt blue was used by Chinese artisans in the seventh century to color beautiful blue and white porcelain. European painters utilized it in cathedral windows during the Middle Ages. Until the better indigo from America supplanted the vegetable dye woad, Europeans wore garments colored with it. Synthetic blue dyes and pigments progressively supplanted organic dyes and mineral pigments in the nineteenth century. Dark blue became a popular color for military uniforms and, later, corporate suits in the late twentieth century. Blue was chosen as the color of the United Nations and European Union flags because it is often linked with peace.

Blue is the color most usually associated with harmony, faithfulness, confidence, distance, infinity, the imagination, cold, and occasionally despair, according to surveys in the United States and Europe. It is the most popular color in public opinion polls in the United States and Europe, with about half of both men and women choosing it as their favorite color. Blue was the color most linked with the masculine, barely ahead of black, and was also the color most associated with intellect, knowledge, calm, and focus, according to the same studies.

On the visible spectrum, blue is the color that lies between violet and green. Indigo and ultramarine, which are closer to violet; pure blue, which has no other colors mixed in; cyan, which is halfway between blue and green; and the other blue-greens turquoise, teal, and aquamarine.

Blue comes in a variety of colors or tints, with deeper tones including black or grey and lighter tints containing white. Ultramarine, cobalt blue, navy blue, and Prussian blue are darker colors of blue, whereas sky blue, azure, and Egyptian blue are lighter tints.

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