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A campfire is a fire that offers light, comfort, and heat for cooking at a campground. It can also act as a beacon, as well as a deterrent to insects and predators. For safety, most established campgrounds include a stone or steel fire ring. Campfires are a typical camping element. The term “campfire” is frequently used at summer camps to refer to a fire-related event (ceremony, get-together, etc.). The fire itself is referred to as a campfire in certain places.

Australopithecus robustus and Homo erectus created campfires about 1.6 million years ago, according to a recent study of burnt antelope bones from caves in Swartkrans, South Africa. The earliest known controlled fire was discovered nearby at Wonderwerk Cave, on the outskirts of the Kalahari Desert.

Materials in the cave were not heated over around 1,300 °F (704 °C), according to the microscopic examination of plant ash and charred bone pieces. Preliminary data indicate that the flames consumed grasses, shrubs, and leaves. The flames would not be any hotter as a result of this fuel. According to the evidence, humans were preparing animals over a campfire as early as 1.9 million years ago, when Homo erectus first appeared.

Campfires should ideally be built in a fire ring. A makeshift fire site can be built if a fire ring is not accessible. A fire pit can be built on bare rock or un-vegetated land. To minimize damage, turf can be chopped away to create a bare area and then carefully restored when the fire has faded down.

Another option is to cover the ground with a few inches of sand or other soil largely devoid of combustible organic debris. Around a fire, a ring of rocks is occasionally built. Fire rings, on the other hand, do not entirely protect ground-level materials from catching fire. Flying embers remain a danger, and the fire ring might get hot enough to burn everything in its path or heat the water to a vapor, breaking the rocks.

Safety Precautions

Campfires can start wildfires. As a result, the fire constructor must take several safety procedures, including:

• Clear a ten-foot diameter circle around the fire of all combustible material and avoid lighting campfires beneath hanging branches or over steep slopes.
• Having enough water and a shovel on hand to extinguish a raging fire with earth.
• To avoid difficulties, the size of the fire should be kept to a minimum.
• A campfire should never be left unattended.
• When putting out a campfire, use a lot of water or soil, stir it up, and add more water, then double-check that no smoldering embers are remaining.
• Hot coals should never be buried because they can continue to burn and produce root fires or wildfires. When creating a pit for your fire, keep roots in mind.
• Ensure that the fire pit is large enough for the campfire, that no combustibles are near the campfire, and that the campfire is not built on a windy day.

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