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A carriage is a private four-wheeled vehicle for persons that is often drawn by a horse. Secondhand private carriages were frequent modes of public transportation, akin to current taxis. Leather strapping and steel springs are used to suspend carriages produced in previous decades. Owner-driven two-wheeled carriages are typically casual.

Coaches are a distinct subcategory of carriages. They are four-cornered carriages with a fixed roof.

The forerunners of carriages were two-wheeled war chariots and transport vehicles like as four-wheeled wagons and two-wheeled carts.

Horse-drawn carriages are still occasionally employed in the twenty-first century for royal parades and traditional ceremonial functions. For tourist transportation in warm regions and towns where visitors anticipate open horse-drawn carriages, simplified contemporary versions are created. For the sport of competitive driving, simple metal sporting versions are still created.

The word carriage (abbreviated carr or cge) comes from the Old Northern French word cariage, which means “to transport in a vehicle.” The word car, which originally meant a kind of two-wheeled cart for goods, came from Old Northern French around the beginning of the 14th century (probably derived from the Late Latin carro, a car); it is also used for railway carriages, and early cars in the United States were briefly referred to as horseless carriages around the end of the nineteenth century.

The medieval carriage was often a four-wheeled wagon with a rounded top (“tilt”) that resembled the Conestoga Wagon from the United States. It most likely used the pivoting fore-axle in continuity with the ancient world, sharing the typical shape of wheels and undercarriage known since the Bronze Age. Suspension (on chains) is documented in both pictures and written records as early as the 14th century (“chars branlant” or rocking carriages), and by the 15th century, it was commonplace. Royalty, aristocrats (and especially ladies) favored carriages, which may be ornately adorned and gilded.

Depending on their size and prestige, these carriages were normally four-wheeled and drawn by two to four horses. The major materials used to construct a carriage were wood and iron, while carriages used by non-royalty were covered in simple leather.

The 14th-century pageant wagon was another type of vehicle. Pageant wagons are often little house-like buildings that rest on four to six wheels depending on the size of the wagon.

Pageant wagons are often little house-like buildings that rest on four to six wheels depending on the size of the wagon.  The pageant wagon is notable since most carriages had two or three wheels until the 14th century; the chariot, rocking carriage, and infant carriage are just a few examples of vehicles that predate the pageant wagon. Historians also disagree over whether pageant wagons had pivotal axle systems that allowed the wheels to turn.

Most historians agree that pivotal axle systems were used on pageant wagons, whether they had four or six wheels, because many routes were winding and had some steep curves. Six-wheel pageant wagons were also pioneers in carriage design, since they were among the first to employ numerous pivotal axles. The front set of wheels and the center set of wheels both had pivotal axles. This allowed the horse to walk around freely and lead the carriage down the route or road.

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