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The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is a large cat native to Africa and central Iran. It is the fastest land animal, capable of moving at 80 to 128 km/h (50 to 80 mph), and therefore has several speed adaptations, including a light build, long slender legs, and a long tail. Cheetahs usually reach 67-94 cm (26-37 inches) at the shoulders, and head and body lengths range from 1.1 to 1.5 m (3.6 to 4.9 feet). Adults usually weigh 20 to 65 kg (44 to 143 lb). Its head is small, round, with a short muzzle and black tears streaks on his face. The coat is usually dark brown to creamy white or pale buff and covers mostly evenly spaced hard black spots. Four subspecies have been identified.

More gregarious than many other cats, the cheetah has three main social groups – females and their cubs male “coalitions” and lonely males. While females are nomadic searching for prey in large domestic areas, males are more sedentary. They can instead create much smaller regions in areas with abundant prey and access to females. The cheetah is active mainly during the day, and its primary concern is hunting, with peaks at dawn and dusk. It feeds on small to medium-sized prey, mostly weighing less than 40 kg (88 lb), and prefers medium-sized animals such as impala, springbok and Thomson’s gazelle. The cheetah usually chases its prey to within 60-70 m (200-230 ft), invades it, stumbles during the pursuit, and bites its throat to strangle it to death. Breeding takes place all year round; after almost three months of pregnancy, a litter is born with three to five cubs; cheetahs are very vulnerable to predators from other large carnivores such as hyenas and lions. Weaning occurs at about four months, and the young are self-sufficient at about 20 months of age.

The cheetah is found in various habitats, such as the savannahs in the Serengeti, dry mountain ranges in the Sahara, and the hilly desert terrain in Iran. The cheetah is threatened by several factors: loss of habitat, human conflict, poaching, and high susceptibility to disease. Previously, the cheetah lived in much sub-Saharan Africa and stretched east to the Middle East and the Indian Subcontinent. The cheetah spreads mainly among small fragmented populations in central Iran and southern, east and northwest Africa. In 2016, the global population of cheetahs in the wild was estimated at approximately 7,100; it is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. In the past, cheetahs were tamed and trained to hunt ungulates. They are widely depicted in art, literature, advertising, animation, or other forms.

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