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A chemical substance is a type of stuff with a predictable chemical makeup and characteristics. According to certain texts, physical separation procedures, i.e., breaking chemical bonds cannot separate a chemical compound into its constituent parts. Simple chemicals, chemical compounds, and alloys are all examples of chemical substances. Depending on expert opinion, chemical elements may or may not be included in the definition.

To distinguish them from mixes, chemical compounds are frequently referred to as ‘pure.’ Pure water is a classic example of a chemical substance; it has the same characteristics and hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio whether separated from a river or created in a laboratory.

Diamond (carbon), gold, table salt (sodium chloride), and refined sugar are some of the other chemical compounds that are often found in pure form (sucrose). In actuality, however, no substance is entirely pure, and the chemical’s intended function determines chemical purity.

Chemical compounds can exist as solids, liquids, gases, or plasma, and they can transition between different phases of the matter when temperature or pressure changes. Chemical reactions allow chemical compounds to be mixed or transformed into others.

Light and heat are forms of energy, not matter, and so are not “substances” in this sense.

In an introductory general chemistry textbook, a chemical substance might be described as “any material with a specified chemical composition.” According to this definition, a chemical substance can be either a pure chemical element or a pure chemical compound.

However, there are several caveats to this definition; a pure substance can alternatively be described as a type of matter with a specific composition and characteristics. Several alloys of unknown composition are included in the CAS chemical substance index.

Non-stoichiometric compounds are a type of non-stoichiometric compound that defies the law of constant composition, making it difficult to distinguish between a mixture and a compound, as in palladium hydride. “The word ‘chemical substance’ implies any organic or inorganic material of a certain molecular identity, including – I any combination of such substances occurring in whole or in part as a result of a chemical reaction or occurring in nature,” according to a broader definition.

Minerals are uniformly composed substances in geology, whereas rocks are physical combinations (aggregates) of many minerals (different substances). On the other hand, many minerals mutually dissolve into solid solutions, resulting in a homogeneous material even though it is a mixture in stoichiometric terms. Feldspars are a good example: anorthoclase is an alkali aluminum silicate in which the alkali metal might be sodium or potassium.

According to the legislation, chemical substances can be both pure substances and mix with a specific composition or production method. REACH, for example, specifies “monoconstituent compounds,” “multiconstituent chemicals,” and “unknown or changeable composition substances.”

The latter two are made up of various chemical compounds, but their identification can be determined either by direct chemical analysis or by referring to a particular production method. Charcoal, for example, is a very complicated, partly polymeric mixture that is determined by the manufacturing process. As a result, even if the exact chemical identity is unknown, accurate identification can be made. Mixtures are included in the CAS index.

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