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Cricket is a bat-and-ball sport in which two teams of eleven players compete on a field with a 22-yard (20-meter) pitch in the middle and two wickets at either end, each with two bails balanced on three stumps. When a fielding team member, known as the bowler, “bowls” (propels) the ball from one end of the pitch to the wicket at the other end, the game begins. The batting team scores runs by striking the bowled ball with a bat and sprinting between the wickets, while the bowling team seeks to prevent this by keeping the ball in the field and getting it to either wicket, dismissing each batter (so they are “out”). Being bowled, which occurs when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, as well as the fielding side catching a hit ball before it reaches the ground or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease line in front of the wicket to complete a run, are all methods of dismissal. The innings finishes after 10 hitters have been struck out, and the sides switch roles. In international matches, a third umpire and match referee assist two umpires in adjudicating the game.

Cricket is played in a variety of formats, ranging from Twenty20, in which each side bats for a single innings of 20 overs and the game lasts around three hours, to Test matches, which last five days. Cricketers traditionally wear all-white uniforms, but in limited overs cricket, they wear club or team colors. Some players use protective clothing in addition to their basic gear to avoid harm from the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewed seam surrounding a cork core coated with tightly coiled string.

Cricket was first mentioned in the mid-16th century in South East England. With the growth of the British Empire came the first international matches, which took place in the second part of the nineteenth century. The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the game’s regulating body, with over 100 members, twelve of whom are full members who play Test matches. Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London maintains the game’s regulations, known as the Laws of Cricket. The Indian subcontinent, Australasia, the United Kingdom, southern Africa, and the West Indies are the most popular places to watch the sport. Women’s cricket has also reached international standards, although being organized and played independently. Australia is the most successful international cricket team, having won more One Day International trophies than any other country, including five World Cups, and having been the top-rated Test side more times than any other country.

Despite the fact that the primary goal of the game has always been to score the most runs, the early version of cricket differed from the present game in a number of essential technical characteristics; the North American variety of cricket known as wicket kept many of these features. The bowler delivered the ball underarm and down the ground to a batter wielding a bat shaped like a hockey stick; the batsman defended a low, two-stump wicket; and runs were referred to as notches since the scorers recorded them by notching tally sticks.

Two parishioners, Bartholomew Wyatt and Richard Latter, neglected to attend church on Easter Sunday in 1611, the year Cotgrave’s lexicon was published, according to ecclesiastical court records at Sidlesham in Sussex. They were each fined 12d and told to perform penance. This is the first record of adult cricket involvement, and it occurred about the same time as the first recorded organized inter-parish or village match, which took place in Chevening, Kent. In 1624, during a competition between two parish teams in Sussex, a player named Jasper Vinall was inadvertently struck on the head and killed.

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