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A fan is a mechanism that uses electricity to produce a flow of air. A fan is made up of a spinning array of vanes or blades that push air around. An impeller, rotor, or runner is a spinning assembly of blades and hub. It is usually enclosed in some kind of housing or casing. This can help guide airflow or improve safety by preventing things from colliding with the fan blades. Electric motors power the majority of fans, however alternative power sources such as hydraulic motors, handcranks, and internal combustion engines can also be employed.

A fan can be any spinning vane or vanes used to create air currents from a mechanical standpoint. In contrast to compressors, which create high pressures at a low volume, fans produce large volume and low pressure (but greater than ambient pressure) air flows. When exposed to an air-fluid stream, a fan blade will typically rotate, and devices that take advantage of this, such as anemometers and wind turbines, often have fan-like designs.

Climate control and personal thermal comfort (e.g., an electric table or floor fan), vehicle engine cooling systems (e.g., in front of a radiator), machinery cooling systems (e.g., inside computers and audio power amplifiers), ventilation, fume extraction, winnowing (e.g., separating chaff of cereal grains), dust removal (e.g., sucking like a vacuum cleaner), drying (usually in combination with a heat source), and providing draft for a fire are examples

While fans are frequently used to cool people, they do not chill the air (electric fans may warm the air slightly owing to the heating of their motors), but rather function via evaporative cooling of perspiration and greater heat convection into the surrounding air due to the airflow from the fans. As a result, if the surrounding air is near body temperature and contains significant humidity, fans may become inefficient at cooling the body. The blades of a fan are often constructed of wood, plastic, or metal.

In the industry, fans are used in a variety of ways. Some fans are used to cool the machine and process directly, while others are used to cool industrial heat exchangers indirectly.

Without the correct fan, they are important machinery that are responsible for running the entire facility, which might shut down. It is also utilized as safety equipment in mines and tunnels.

Around 500 BCE, the punkah fan was utilized in India. It was a portable fan that could be turned or fanned to circulate air, manufactured from bamboo strips or other plant fibres. During British control, Anglo-Indians began to use the term to refer to a huge swinging flat fan that was mounted to the ceiling and driven by a servant known as the punkawallah.

Ding Huan (fl. 180 CE), a Han Dynasty craftsman and engineer, invented a manually operated rotary fan with seven 3 m (10 ft) diameter wheels for air conditioning; in the 8th century, during the Tang Dynasty (618″907), the Chinese used hydraulic power to rotate the fan wheels for air conditioning, and the rotary fan became even more popular during the Song Dynasty (960″1279).

The essential concepts of vacuum and airflow were established in the 17th century thanks to the investigations of scientists such as Otto von Guericke, Robert Hooke, and Robert Boyle. In the Houses of Parliament, English architect Sir Christopher Wren installed an early ventilation system that employed bellows to move air. Wren’s design would serve as a springboard for much further development and invention. Georg Agricola (1494″1555) depicted the first rotating fan used in Europe for mine ventilation in the 16th century.

In 1727, British engineer John Theophilus Desaguliers showed the practical use of a fan system to remove stagnant air from coal mines, and shortly after, he constructed a similar mechanism in Parliament. In coal mines, good ventilation was especially crucial to avoid asphyxiation deaths. In the mines in the North of England, civil engineer John Smeaton and subsequently John Buddle erected reciprocating air pumps. This design, however, was not ideal since the machinery was prone to failure.

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