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The evidence, widely considered, is presented to support a claim because the evident things are undoubted. There are two types of evidence: intellectual evidence (obvious) and empirical evidence (proof).

This mentioned support can be strong or weak. The strongest type of evidence is that which provides direct evidence that a statement is true. The other extreme is evidence that is simply consistent with an idea but does not exclude additional, conflicting statements as circumstantial evidence.

By law, the rules of evidence govern the types of evidence admissible in litigation. Types of legal evidence include testimony, documentary evidence, and physical evidence. The parts of the case that do not contradict each other are known as the “facts of the case”. In addition to any incontestable facts, the judge or jury usually has to establish the facts on other points in the case. Evidence and rules are used to resolve disputes, some of which may be determined by the legal burden of proof associated with the case. In some cases (for example, serious crimes), the evidence must be more convincing than in other situations (for example, minor civil disputes), which dramatically affects the quality and quantity of evidence needed to resolve the case.

Scientific evidence consists of observations and experimental results that support, refute, or modify a scientific hypothesis or theory when collected and interpreted according to a scientific method.

In philosophy, the study of evidence is closely related to epistemology, which considers the nature of knowledge and how it can be obtained. The first thing that comes to light in history is that evidence is associated with senses. An imprint remained in the language: this word comes from the Latin phrase evidential, which comes from videre, vision. In this sense, the proof is what catches our eye. Something similar happened in ancient philosophy with Epicurus. He believed that all knowledge is based on sensory perception: if the senses perceive something, it is evident, it is always true.

Aristotle went beyond this concept of evidence as a simple passive perception of senses. He notes that, although all higher animals can experience sensory experiences of things, only people must comprehend them and more and more penetrate their reality (cf. Metaphysics, 449, b; On Memory, 452, a; Physics I, vol. 1). This is the correct understanding that the intellect receives things when it sees them. It does it naturally and necessarily (it is not something acquired, like the habit of science that he speaks of in Ethics IV).

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