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A kitchen hood, also known as an exhaust hood or range hood, is a device that hangs over the stove or cooktop in the kitchen and contains a mechanical fan. It uses air evacuation and filtration to remove grease, combustion products, fumes, smoke, heat, and steam from the air. Exhaust hoods are frequently used in commercial kitchens in conjunction with fire suppression devices to ensure that fumes from a grease fire are properly vented and the fire is quickly put out. Commercial vent hoods can also be used in conjunction with a fresh air fan, which pulls in outside air and circulates it with the cooking gases before being taken out by the hood.
A filtering system eliminates oil (the grease trap) and other particles from most exhaust hoods. Many vent hoods exhaust air to the outdoors, but some recirculate it back into the kitchen. Filters can be used to eliminate smells as well as grease in a recirculating system.
In the United Kingdom and Singapore, the device is known as an extractor hood, whereas in Canada and the United States, it is known as a range hood, and in Australia and New Zealand, it is known as a rangehood. A stove hood is also known as a cooker hood, vent hood, or ventilation hood. Cooking canopy, extractor fan, fume extractor, and electric chimney are some of the other names for this device.
A skirt or catch panel to hold the rising gases (also known as the “effluent plume”), a grease filter, and a fan for ventilation make up an extractor hood.
Ducted (or vented) or ductless extractor hoods are available (or recirculating). Ducted hoods exhaust the gases outside; ductless hoods filter the air, frequently using activated charcoal, to remove odors and smoke particles, then return the clean air to the kitchen.
A ducted system eliminates all contaminants from the air, whereas a ductless system recirculates heat and moisture. Furthermore, a ducted installation eliminates the need for filter replacement on a regular basis and avoids the airflow restriction (and resulting loss of power) that filters cause. However, due to a lack of space or the ability to build a duct system, make-up air needs, or the added expense of heating or cooling the make-up air, the ducted application may be prohibitive.
Built-in lighting is nearly often included in exhaust hoods to illuminate the cooking surface. Although some low-end versions have electromechanical controls, most extractor hood controls are electronic. Remote control, motorized height adjustment, thermal sensor, overheat protection, boost mode, delayed shut-off, filter cleaning reminder, active noise cancellation, temperature display, user presets (memory), and other features are available on extractor hoods with electronic controls.
Stainless steel, copper, bronze, nickel silver, zinc, tempered glass, wood, aluminum, brass, heat-resistant plastics, and other materials are used to construct extractor hoods.
Mesh filters are prohibited by the NFPA 96 Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking. Grease filters that are “Listed” must be tested in accordance with the UL 1046, Standard for Grease Filters for Exhaust Ducts.
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