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A farm is a plot of land-primarily intended for agricultural processes to produce food and other crops; it is the main tool in food production. The name is used to refer to specialized units such as agricultural farms, vegetable farms, fruit farms, dairy farms, pig and poultry farms, and land used for the production of natural fibers, biofuels, and other goods. It includes ranches, forage, orchards, plantations and mansions, small farms and hobbyist farms, as well as farmhouses, agricultural buildings, and land. The term has now been expanded to include industrial plants such as wind farms and fish farms that can operate both onshore and offshore.

Agriculture emerged independently in different parts of the world as hunter-gatherer societies shifted to food production rather than food capture. This may have started about 12,000 years ago with the domestication of cattle in the fertile crescent in West Asia, which was soon followed by crop cultivation. Modern units tend to specialise in the cultivation of the most suitable crops or animals for a given region, with their finished products sold for the retail market or for further processing and agricultural products sold worldwide.

Modern farms in developed countries are highly mechanized. In the United States, livestock can be raised on rangeland and finished in feedlots, and the mechanization of crop production has greatly reduced the number of farmworkers needed. In Europe, traditional family farms are giving way to larger production units. In Australia, some farms are huge because the land cannot support a high stocking density of livestock due to climatic conditions. In less developed countries, small farms are the norm, and most villagers are farmers who feed their families and sell all kinds of surplus products in the local market.

The word in the sense of agricultural land-holding comes from the verb “to farm,” the source of income, be it taxes, duties, rent of a group of manors, or simply the ownership of the individual property through feudal land tenure in the form of “farm fees.” The word comes from the medieval Latin noun firma, also the source of the French word ferme, which means a fixed agreement, contract, from the classical Latin adjective firmus, which means strong, firm, stout. As in the Middle Ages, almost all manors were engaged in agriculture, a business that was their main source of income, so owning a manor through managing farm fees became synonymous with agriculture itself.

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