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Flight is a process by which an object moves in the atmosphere (or beyond it, as in the case of space flight) without contact with the surface. This can be achieved by creating an aerodynamic lift associated with propelling force, aerostatic buoyancy, or ballistic movement.

Many things can fly – from natural aviators like birds, bats and insects to human inventions like aircraft, including airplanes, helicopters, balloons and rockets that can be carried by spacecraft.

The engineering aspects of flight relate to the field of aerospace engineering, which is subdivided into aeronautics, the study of vehicles travelling by air and astronautics, the study of vehicles travelling in space, and ballistics, the study of projectile flight.

The airship flies because the force of the upward motion carried by air is equal to or greater than the force of gravity.

Humans have been able to construct lighter-than-air aircraft that raise off from the ground and fly to provide buoyancy in the air.

An aerostat is a system that stays at altitude primarily by the buoyancy to provide an aircraft with the same overall density as air. Aerostat includes free balloons, airships, and moored balloons. The main structural component of an aerostat is its envelope, a light envelope that covers the volume of rising gas to provide a smoothness to which other components are attached.

Aerostats are so named because they use “aerostatic” lift, a buoyant force that does not require lateral movement through the surrounding air mass to create the effect of a lifting force. In contrast, aerodynamics mainly uses aerodynamic lift, which requires lateral movement of at least a portion of the aircraft through the surrounding air mass.

Some flying objects do not create impulse thrust in the air, for example, a flying squirrel. This is called gliding. Some other creatures can use the rising air to lift, such as birds of prey (when gliding) and artificial sailplane gliders. This is called elevation. However, most other birds and all powered aircraft require a power source to climb. This is called power flight.

The only groups of living things that use movement are birds, insects, and bats, while many groups have evolved in gliding. The extinct pterosaurs, reptiles, along dinosaurs were also highly successful flying animals. The wings of each of these groups develop independently. The wings of groups of flying vertebrates are based on the forelimbs but differ significantly in structure; in insects, it has been hypothesized that these are highly modified versions of structures that form gills in most other groups arthropods.

Bats are the only mammals capable of maintaining horizontal flight. However, several gliding mammals can glide from tree to tree using the fleshy membranes between the limbs; some can walk hundreds of meters in this way with very little loss of altitude.

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