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Gasoline (American English) or petrol (British English) is a flammable liquid derived from transparent petroleum, mainly used as fuel in most internal combustion engines with spark ignition. It consists primarily of organic compounds obtained by fractional distillation of petroleum, enriched with various additives. On average, a 42 US gallon (160 litres) barrel of crude oil produces about 19 US gallons (72 litres) of gasoline (among other refined products) after processing at an oil refinery. However, this varies depending on the crude oil test.
The characteristic of a particular gasoline mixture to resist ignition too early (which causes knocks and reduces the efficiency of reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane number, produced in several grades. Tetraethyl lead and other lead compounds are no longer used in most fields to increase the octane number (they are still used in aviation and automobile racing). Other chemicals are frequently added to gasoline to improve chemical stability and performance characteristics, control corrosivity and ensure the fuel system’s cleaning. Gasoline may contain oxygen-containing chemicals such as ethanol, MTBE or ETBE to improve combustion.
The gasoline used in internal combustion engines can significantly affect the local environment and contribute to global carbon dioxide emissions in humans. Gasoline can also enter the environment without being burned, both in liquid and vapour form, through leakage and handling during production, transport and delivery (e.g., fuel tanks). Storage, spills, etc.). As an example of controlling these leaks, many underground storage tanks must have implemented extensive measures to detect and prevent these leaks. Gasoline contains benzene and other known carcinogens.
“Gasoline” is an English word for fuel for automobiles. The Oxford English Dictionary dated its first recorded use in 1863 when it was spelt “gasolene”. The term “gasoline” was first used in North America in 1864. The word is a derivation of the name “gas” and the chemical suffixes “-ol” and “-ine” or “-ene”.
However, the term may also have been influenced by the brand “Cazeline” or “Gazeline”. On November 27, 1862, the British publisher, coffee merchant and social campaigner John Cassell placed an ad in the Times of London:
It is the first occurrence of the word to be found. Cassell discovered that a Dublin merchant named Samuel Boyd was selling counterfeit cazeline and wrote to him asking him to stop. Boyd did not respond and changed each “C” to “G”, making up the word “gazeline”.
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