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A journalist is a person who has been taught to acquire information in the form of writing, audio, or photographs, filter it into newsworthy form, and then communicate it to the general public. Journalism is the act or process that is primarily performed by a journalist.

Broadcast, print, advertising, and public relations workers are all examples of journalism, and depending on the type of journalism, the term journalist may refer to a variety of people based on their responsibilities in the process. Reporters, correspondents, citizen journalists, editors, editorial writers, columnists, and visual journalists, such as photojournalists, are all included in this category (journalists who use the medium of photography).

A reporter is a sort of journalist that gathers, analyzes, and reports information from many sources in order to expose it to the public. This might include conducting interviews, obtaining information, and/or producing articles. Reporters may alternate between working in a newsroom or from home and heading out to cover events or conduct interviews. Reporters may be allocated to a certain beat or coverage area.

A “knowledge journalist,” according to Matthew C. Nisbet, is a public intellectual who, like Walter Lippmann, David Brooks, Fareed Zakaria, Naomi Klein, Michael Pollan, Thomas Friedman, and Andrew Revkin, sees their role as researching complicated issues of fact or science that most laypeople would not have the time or access to research for themselves.

Lippmann claimed in his best-known works, Public Opinion (1922) and The Phantom Public (1925), that most people lacked the capacity, time, and interest to monitor and evaluate news about society’s numerous complicated policy issues. They didn’t frequently have firsthand experience with most societal issues, nor did they have direct access to professional knowledge.

The news media exacerbated these constraints by oversimplifying topics and reinforcing stereotypes, political perspectives, and prejudices. As a result, Lippmann thought that the public required journalists like himself to act as professional analysts, bringing “citizens to a better knowledge of what was truly important.”

According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook of the United States Department of Labor, employment for “reporters, correspondents, and television news analysts” will drop by 9% between 2016 and 2026.

Between 2012 and 2016, a global sample of 27,500 journalists from 67 countries produced the following profile:

Males account for 57% of the population, with an average age of 38 and an average of 13 years of experience. College degrees account for 56% of the population, while graduate degrees account for 29%.

• Sixty-one percent of students majored in journalism or communications in college.
• 62% classified as generalists, while 23% identified as hard-news beat reporters.
• A professional association was represented by 47 percent of the respondents.
• Eighty percent of those surveyed worked full-time.

50 percent worked in print, 23% in television, 17% in radio, and 16% on the internet.

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