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A graphical sign, such as ← or →, or a pictogram, used to point or indicate direction is known as an arrow. An arrow is a triangle, chevron, or concave kite that is commonly fastened to a line segment or rectangle in its simplest form, and a depiction of an actual arrow in more complicated forms (e.g. U+27B5). The arrow indicates the direction down the length of the line or rectangle toward the single pointed end.

The manicule (pointing hand, ) is an earlier (medieval) tradition. The fleur-de-lis was initially used to indicate north in a compass rose by Pedro Reinel in c. 1504; the habit of designating the eastern direction with a cross is earlier (medieval). The arrow symbol does not appear to have been used before the 18th century. In an image from Bernard Forest de Bélidor’s dissertation L’architecture hydraulique, published in France in 1737, an early arrow sign may be seen. The arrow is used to show the direction of the water flow and the spinning of the water wheel. Around the same period, arrow symbols were employed on maps to show the movement of rivers.

In the mid-to-late nineteenth century, there was a movement toward abstraction, with the fletching of the arrow being eliminated. The arrow may be observed throughout Paul Klee’s art. In a further abstraction of the sign, cartographer Emil Reich’s maps in John Richard Green’s A Short History of the English People of 1874 had curving lines with solid triangular arrowheads placed sporadically along the lines, indicating army movements.

The use of arrow symbols in mathematical notation is a more recent development, occurring in the early part of the twentieth century. In 1922, David Hilbert created the arrow sign to denote logical implication. Albrecht Becker invented the double-headed arrow to illustrate logical equivalence in Die Aristotelische Theorie der Möglichkeitsschlüsse, Berlin, 1933.

Directions are indicated by arrows, which are generally recognized. They’re commonly utilized in road surface markings and signs, as well as for navigation.

The usage of upward-pointing arrows to indicate an increase in a numerical value and downward-pointing arrows to indicate a drop is common. A right-facing arrow in mathematical logic denotes implication, while a left-right arrow denotes if and only if.

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