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Mahatma Gandhi, India’s Father of the Nation, directs the movement for the country’s independence through ‘Satyagraha’, resistance to oppression through mass civil disobedience and ‘ahimsa’ – total non-violence. This inspired the civil rights movement throughout the world.

Born October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, Kathiawar in the western Indian state of Gujarat, to Karamchand Gandhi and Putlibai, he was married to 13 to 14-year old Kasturbai Makhanji. He had four sons.

Born: 2 October 1869, Porbandar
Assassinated: 30 January 1948, New Delhi
Spouse: Kasturba Gandhi (m. 1883–1944)
Parents: Karamchand Gandhi, Putlibai Gandhi

Gandhi first employed non-violent civil disobedience in South Africa in the struggle of the local civil rights community. Upon his return to India in 1915, he organized peasants, farmers and urban workers to protest the excessive land tax and discrimination by the British government.

In 1921, he took over the leadership of the Indian National Congress and conducted national campaigns to reduce poverty, expand women’s rights, strengthen religious and ethnic attachment, end untouchability and, above all, ensure India’s independence from foreign domination.

Gandhi led a Non-cooperation movement in 1922. In protest against the British-imposed salt tax, he led the 400 km Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years in a number of cases, both in South Africa and in India.

Gandhi, practicing non-violence and truth, advocates that others adhere to the principles. He lived modestly and wore a traditional Indian dhoti and a shawl woven he had hand spun on a charkha.

Gandhi is also a prolific writer. For decades, he published several newspapers, including Harijan in Gujarati, Hindi and English; Indian Opinion while in South Africa and “Young India” in English and “Navajivan”, a Gujarati monthly. He also wrote several books, including his autobiography, An Autobiography or My Experiments with Truth.

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