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Cosmetics are made up of a variety of chemical substances taken from either natural or manufactured sources. Cosmetics serve a variety of functions. Cleanse and protect the body or skin using those developed for personal care and skin care. Makeup can be used to disguise flaws, accentuate natural features (such as the eyebrows and eyelashes), add color to a person’s face, and even change the look of the face totally to resemble a new person, creature, or object. Cosmetics can also be intended to give the body a pleasant scent.

Though most nations’ legal definitions of cosmetics are broader, in certain Western countries, cosmetics are widely understood to refer exclusively to makeup goods like lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, blush, highlighter, bronzer, and a variety of other products.

Cosmetics are materials “designed to be applied to the human body for cleaning, beautifying, boosting beauty, or modifying the look without damaging the body’s structure or functions,” according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which oversees cosmetics in the United States. The FDA clearly excludes pure soap from this wide definition, which includes any substance intended for use as an ingredient in a cosmetic product.

Cleansers, toners, serums, moisturizers, and balms are examples of skin-care cosmetics that may be used to wash, exfoliate, and protect the skin while also renewing it. Shampoo and body wash, which are meant for more general personal care, can be used to cleanse the body.

Makeup can be used to conceal blemishes, enhance natural features (such as the eyebrows and eyelashes), add color to a person’s face, and”in the case of more extreme forms of makeup used for performances, fashion shows, and people in costume”can be used to completely transform the appearance of the face to resemble a different person, creature, or object. Contouring is a technique for modifying one’s look that tries to sculpt a specific part of the face.

Cosmetics have been used by the ancient Egyptians and Sumerians for thousands of years. Cosmetics were still used in Europe during the Middle Ages, with the face being whitened and the cheeks rouged, yet views toward cosmetics changed over time, with the use of cosmetics being openly frowned upon at numerous stages in Western history. Regardless of changes in social views regarding cosmetics, many people were able to reach their ideals of look through the use of cosmetics on occasion.

For much of this time period, the lack of regulation of the manufacture and use of cosmetics, as well as scientific knowledge about the effects of various compounds on the human body, resulted in a number of negative side effects for those who used cosmetics, including deformities, blindness, and death. Many cosmetics on the market at the time were either chemically questionable or made from natural ingredients found in the kitchen, such as food coloring, berries, and beetroot.

The use of ceruse (white lead) in a variety of civilizations, such as during the Renaissance in the West, and blindness induced by the mascara Lash Lure in the early twentieth century are two examples of widespread detrimental cosmetics use.

Due to the craze for red and white lead cosmetics and powder throughout the 19th century, there was a significant number of cases of lead poisoning, which resulted in swelling and inflammation of the eyes, compromised tooth enamel, and blackened skin, with extensive use known to result in death.

White lead was not just used in the West; white Japanese face paint known as oshiroi was also made using the substance. Scientific breakthroughs in the manufacture of makeup, however, led to the development of cosmetics that was devoid of harmful chemicals like lead in the second half of the nineteenth century.

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