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A mandala is a geometric formation of symbols. Mandalas are used in various spiritual traditions to help practitioners and adepts focus their attention, as a spiritual guidance tool, create a sacred space, and aid meditation and trance induction.

It is used as a map representing deities or Shintoism, paradises, kami, or actual shrines in the Eastern religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Shintoism. A mandala, in general, depicts a spiritual journey that begins on the exterior and progresses through layers to the inner core.

A mandala is a 40-day period when the human organism completes one physiological cycle in a spiritual or religious process.

In Hinduism, a simple mandala, also known as a yantra, is shaped as a square with four gates containing a circle with a central point. Each gate is shaped like a T in general. Radial balance is common in mandalas.

A yantra is comparable to a mandala, except it is generally smaller and uses a narrower colour palette. It can be a two- or three-dimensional geometric composition with a mantra utilised in sadhanas, pujas, or contemplative ceremonies.

It is thought to depict the deity’s residence. Each yantra is unique, and the intricate symbolic geometric designs invite the god into the practitioner’s presence. “Yantras act as revelatory emblems of cosmic truths and as instructive maps of the spiritual side of human experience,” according to one academic.

Many people consider yantras to be the focal centre of Hindu tantric practise. Yantras are living, experienced, nondual realities, not representations. As Khanna puts it:

A yantra is a reality lived, notwithstanding its cosmic implications. Every symbol in a yantra is ambivalently resonant in inner-outer synthesis and is associated with the subtle body and aspects of human consciousness, due to the relationship that exists in the Tantras between the outer world (the macrocosm) and man’s inner world (the microcosm).

The term’mandala’ appears in the Rigveda as the name of the sections of the work, and mandalas like the Navagraha mandala are still used in Vedic rituals today.

Mandalas have also been evolved into sandpainting in Vajrayana Buddhism. They’re also an important element of Anuttarayoga Tantra meditation.

The mandala can be seen as a visual representation of the Vajrayana teachings’ fundamental essence. “A microcosm depicting different divine energies at work in the cosmos,” the mind is said to be. The nature of the Pure Land, Enlightened mind, is represented by the mandala.

Vajrabhairava mandala is an example of this type of mandala, which is a silk tapestry woven with gilded paper depicting lavish elements such as crowns and jewellery, giving the piece a three-dimensional effect.

A mandala can also represent the entire universe, which is traditionally depicted in the centre with Mount Meru as the axis mundi and the continents surrounding it. The Cosmological Mandala with Mount Meru, a silk tapestry from the Yuan dynasty that serves as a diagram of Tibetan cosmology and was gifted to China from Nepal and Tibet, is one such example.

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