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Today’s engines are smaller, lighter, and produce more horsepower per cubic inch than ever before while retaining less oil volume, stressing on engine oil as much as possible.

Horsepower-increasing additions such as turbocharge and supercharge have become commonplace. Add ever stricter emission controls with daily stops and commuting in today’s congested cities, and you have operating conditions that are tortuous for your car‘s motor oil.

So, what qualities does motor oil need to survive these conditions while providing adequate protection? As we say, “the devil is really in the details” when it comes to properly formulated motor oil.

We will start with viscosity issues. Good motor oil must be able to maintain a constant viscosity when exposed to temperature changes. It is also very important that the oil is able to maintain its proper viscosity for the duration of its intended drain interval.

An oil pour point tells you how well it manages cold temperatures without gelling (solidifying). Oils that contain too much paraffin; wax in petroleum-based motor oils tend to gel at low temperatures. Oils containing poorly designed additives or low-quality viscosity index improvers will also have this problem. Modern engines have tight tolerances and need engine oil to flow quickly at low temperatures to minimize wear at start-up.

Tip: Look for oils with a low pour point. The pour point test determines the lowest temperature at which a lubricant flows. The lower the pour point of a lubricant, the better its protection in service at low temperatures.

This brings us to the subject of volatility and heat deterioration. At higher temperatures, lighter components can volatilize and boil off. This is particularly true for petroleum-based oils that contain a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules of different sizes. At high temperatures, the lightest parts boil off, leaving the heaviest parts. This causes a gradual increase in viscosity and leads to accelerated wear, sludge, and engine deposits. The ability to resist shear and volatilization is particularly important in turbocharged applications where oil passes through turbochargers scorching hot bearings.

Fully synthetic motor oils made from polyalphaolifine – an artificial molecule, have a uniform molecular structure that is much less volatile at high temperatures, making them ideal for high temperature / turbocharged applications.

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