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Plastics are a wide variety of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are fibrous and thus can be transformed into solid objects. General property of all materials which can deform irreversibly without breaking is known as plasticity, but in case of moldable polymers, it appears to such an extent that their real name derives from this specific ability.

Plastics are usually high molecular weight organic polymers and often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but a number of options are made from renewable materials such as polylactic acid from corn or cellulosics from cotton linters.

In developed countries, about one-third of plastic is used for packaging and about the same is used in buildings such as piping, plumbing, or vinyl siding. Other applications include cars (up to 20% plastic), furniture and toys. In developing countries, the use of plastics varies – 42% of consumption in India is used for packaging. Worldwide, about 50 kg of plastic is produced per person per year, doubling the production every ten years.

Plastics have many uses in medicine, with the advent of polymer implants and other medical devices, at least in part derived from plastic. In the field of plastic surgery, it is not name used for the usage of plastic materials that is indicated, but the meaning of the word “plasticity” in relation to the transformation of flesh.

The world’s first fully synthetic plastic was Bakelite, invented in New York in 1907 by Leo Baekeland, who coined the term “plastic”. Many chemists have contributed to the material science of plastics, including the Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger, who has been called the “father of polymer chemistry,” and Herman Mark, known as the “father of polymer physics.”

The success and dominance of plastics, which began in the early 20th century, has raised environmental concerns about their slow degradation after they are disposed of as large molecules. Towards the end of the century, the approach to this problem was met with great recycling efforts. The word “plastic” comes from the Greek (plastikos), which means “able to shape or mold”, and in turn from (plastos), which means “molded”.

The ductility or plasticity of a material during production allows it to be cast, pressed or extruded into various forms such as films, fibers, plates, tubes, bottles, boxes and more. should not be confused with the technical adjective plastic. The adjective applies to any material that undergoes plastic deformation or constant change in shape when filtered beyond a certain point. For example, stamped or forged aluminum exhibits plasticity in this sense, but is not plastic in the general sense. In contrast, some plastics in their finished forms break down to deformation and are therefore not plastic in a technical sense.

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