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Electric equipment is connected to the alternating current (AC) power supply in buildings and other locations via AC power connectors and sockets. Voltage and current ratings, shape, size, and connection type all change amongst electrical plugs and sockets. Plugs and sockets are utilized in a variety of ways across the world.

In the 1880s, plugs and sockets for portable equipment were introduced to replace light sockets with wall-mounted outlets. A plethora of sorts have been developed for convenience as well as safety from electrical damage.

There are around 20 varieties in widespread usage now, and numerous outdated socket types may be found in older structures. Some types of plugs may now be used over vast regions to ease commerce in electrical appliances and for the convenience of travelers and consumers of imported electrical items thanks to the coordination of technical standards.

Some multi-standard sockets allow for the use of a variety of plugs; nevertheless, improvised or unauthorized adaptors between incompatible sockets and plugs may not give the same level of safety and performance as a properly installed socket-plug combination.

A plug is a moveable connector attached to an electrically driven item, whereas a socket is a permanent connector linked to an energized electrical circuit that is fixed on equipment or a building structure. The plug is a male connection with protruding pins that fit into the socket’s holes and female contacts. Some plugs include female contacts that are exclusively used for connecting to the earth ground. For added safety, some plugs contain built-in fuses.

In addition to the recessed contacts of the energised socket, plug and socket systems incorporate safety mechanisms to limit the risk of electric shock. Plugs with insulated sleeves, recessed sockets, and automated shutters that block socket apertures when a plug is withdrawn are examples of these.

A socket may be encased in a decorative or protective cover that is part of the socket itself.

Single-phase sockets include two current-carrying connections to the power supply circuit, as well as a third pin for an earth ground safety connection. One or both current-carrying connections may have high voltage to earth ground, depending on the supply system.

Electric lighting was the primary application of commercial electric power when it was first introduced in the 1880s. Other portable gadgets were plugged into light-bulb outlets, including vacuum cleaners, electric fans, smoothing irons, and curling-tong warmers.

A two-pin plug and wall socket style was available on the British market as early as 1885. The first three-pin earthed (grounded) connectors emerged about 1910. Other safety enhancements were subsequently added to the market over time. In 1915, the first national standard for plug and wall socket shapes was established.

Foreign items are prevented from accessing live contacts by socket shutters. Crompton, a British company, produced the first shuttered socket in 1893. As early as 1905, some designs included electrical shielding of the pin shanks to decrease live contact exposure.

The outlet is hidden in a recess inside the socket assembly’s face, and plugs are made to fit snugly within that recess, fully preventing the chance of fingers accidently coming into touch with live pins while inserting or removing them.

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