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A five-pointed, filled red star has long been linked with communist philosophy, especially when combined with the hammer and sickle, although it is also employed as a solely socialist emblem in the twenty-first century. Flags, state symbols, monuments, decorations, and logos all feature it.

The five points are thought to represent the five fingers of the worker’s hand, as well as the five inhabited continents, according to one interpretation (counting the Americas as one). The five points on the star in communist iconography were supposed to represent the five social groupings that would lead Russia to communism: youth, military, industrial laborers, agricultural workers or peasantry, and intellectuals, according to a lesser-known theory. The red star represented the Red Army and military duty in Soviet armory, as contrasted to the hammer and sickle, which represented peaceful labor.

Diverse European countries have different attitudes about the emblem. Some former Warsaw Pact countries have implemented laws prohibiting it, alleging that it embodies “totalitarian ideology,” although it is seen positively in other Eastern European countries as a symbol of anti-fascism and resistance against Nazi domination.

Since the 19th century, the Red Star has been employed in non-communist contexts and in emblems of countries and states before the advent of this movement. It can be found on the flags of New Zealand and California in the United States, for example. Private organizations and businesses, such as the oil company Texaco and the beer multinational Heineken, have utilized the red star as a logo.

The star’s history as a symbol of communist mass movements stretches back to the Bolshevik Revolution and the Russian Civil War, but the exact date of its first appearance is uncertain. The Military Collegium advocated the red star as a symbol for the Red Army’s structure, and the Red Star insignia was designed by Konstantin Eremeev, the Bolshevik commander of the Petrograd Military District.

One theory of the symbol’s genesis, on the other hand, dates it back to the Moscow military garrison towards the conclusion of World War I.

Many men were fleeing the Austrian and German fronts at the time, and when they arrived in Moscow, they joined the local army. Officers provided tin stars to the Moscow garrison soldiers to wear on their caps to identify them from the surge of retreating front-liners. The original red star was created when those men joined the Red Army and the Bolsheviks and painted their tin stars red, the color of socialism.

The red star first appeared in communist media in 1908, with the publishing of Bolshevik revolutionary Alexander Bogdanov’s novel Red Star, which depicted a highly sophisticated communist civilisation on Mars.

The red star has also been linked to an alleged meeting between Leon Trotsky and Nikolai Krylenko. Krylenko, an Esperantist, wore a green-star lapel pin, which Trotsky enquired about, and was told that each of the five traditional continents was symbolized by one of the star’s arms. When Trotsky learned of this, he ordered that Red Army men wear a matching red star.

The star was adopted into the Red Army’s uniforms and emblems as early as 1918, regardless of its actual provenance.

During the Pancho Villa Expedition to arrest Mexican rebel Pancho Villa in mid-March 1916, the United States Army Signal Corps’ aviation department utilized the red star as the national emblem for US aircraft on the aircraft of the Signal Corps’ 1st Aero Squadron.

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