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The salamander is one of the animals that make up the Kingdom Amphibia, in particular the Caudata order. There are around 400 to 500 known species worldwide, and some of them are found mainly in the temperate lands of the tropical regions of South, Central America, and the entire Northern Hemisphere. In the past, salamanders have spread to areas such as British Columbia and central Labrador. If you want to know more about them, here are some interesting facts about salamanders.
Average Size and Lifespan
Salamanders vary in size. Some may only reach a size of 3.9 cm, while others can reach up to the size of 180 cm. One of the smallest salamanders is the 4-toed salamander (Hemidactylium scutatum), which only reaches 5-9 cm. On the other hand, one of the largest in the mud puppy (Necturus maculosus), which can reach a length of 43 cm. The lifespan of the salamander also varies. The Chinese giant salamander can live for around 52 years, while the other salamanders can only reach a year or two.
General Description
Salamanders are very similar to lizards. This is the main reason why they are generally confused with lizards. However, salamanders do not have the characteristics of lizards. For example, salamanders have no claws. In addition, they have moist skin compared to lizards who have dry, flaky skin.
Generally, salamanders cannot hear sounds; instead, they depend on the vibrations they feel in the environment. These creatures are also voiceless, although some species have the ability to produce soft squeaks. Some of these species breathe through their pair of nostrils, while others breathe through the gills or the skin, or sometimes in combination. They often have loose eyelids and fine teeth. Their heart consists of 2 atria and a ventricle, making it a 3-chambered organ.
Behavior
Salamanders hibernate each year to survive. Since they cannot withstand extremely cold temperatures, they have to dig underground. Aquatic salamanders are generally active at any time of the year, while terrestrial salamanders are active only at night or when the soil is moist or damp. Temperate or warm seasons can immediately cause them to become dehydrated.
Reproduction
There are two ways to fertilize salamander eggs. This can be done by external or internal fertilization. Internally, the male will drop jellylike capsule of sperms, and the female will eventually take up these sperm through the cloaca lips. The eggs are fertilized when pushed outwards. On the other hand, external fertilization occurs when the egg is already outside the body of salamanders.
Nutrition
Generally, salamanders are carnivorous. Larger salamanders like to eat earthworms and insect larvae. Small species such as small insects and small invertebrates while salamander larvae eat tadpoles.
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