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A spinning wheel is a tool for making thread or yarn out of fibers. Before the Industrial Revolution, it was critical to the cotton textile industry. Later gear such as the spinning jenny and spinning frame, which replaced the spinning wheel during the Industrial Revolution, was built on its foundations.
Taking a cluster of fibers and pulling a little of them out, then twisting it into a basic string shape, is the fundamental spinning of yarn. You keep tugging and twisting to make it longer and thicker while controlling the thickness. People began doing this thousand years ago using a spindle stick, which was a time-consuming procedure.
The spinning wheel’s rear wheel does not replace the spindle; instead, it automates the twisting process, enabling you to “twist” the thread without having to do so manually all of the time. The size of the wheel allows you to regulate the degree of twist carefully. The thread is still wound around a spindle, exactly as it was before the wheel.
The wheel was initially free-moving, with a hand or foot extending out and physically rotating it. Simple systems were eventually developed that allowed you to press a pedal and maintain the wheel spinning faster. Before the 18th century, this mechanism was the major source of technological advancement for the spinning wheel.
The origins of the spinning wheel are debatable. Some scholars, such as J.M Kenoyer and other archaeologists working on the Indus Valley Civilization, believe that the uniformity of the thread and tight weave from a clay impression indicates the use of a spinning wheel rather than drop spindles. Still, Mukhtar Ahmed claims that the spinning whorls used by the Indus Valley people since prehistoric times produce tight weaves. The spinning wheel was created in India between 500 and 1000 AD, according to experts such as C. Wayne Smith and J. Tom Cothren.
According to Arnold Pacey, the spinning wheel was most likely created in the early 11th century in the Islamic realm. According to evidence, the spinning wheel was recognized in the Islamic world by 1030, and the first unambiguous picture of the spinning wheel is from Baghdad, drawn in 1237. Early references to cotton spinning in India are ambiguous. According to Arnold Pacey and Irfan Habib, they do not clearly identify a wheel, who believe that the earliest unambiguous reference to a spinning wheel in India is dated to 1350, implying that the spinning wheel was brought to India from Iran.
However, scholars such as K. A. Nilakanta Sastri and Vijaya Ramaswamy reject this assertion, claiming that the 12th-century Kannada poet Remmavve used a spinning wheel (complete with a description of its pieces).
The spinning wheel is also thought to have arrived in China around 1090, with the oldest unambiguous Chinese picture of the mechanism dating from approximately 1270. By the 13th century, the spinning wheel had traveled from the Islamic world to Europe and India. The first European depiction was from about 1280, and the first apparent Indian reference dates around 1350. The spindle and distaff were not replaced in France until the mid-eighteenth century.
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