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Starlings are tiny to medium-sized passerines that belong to the Sturnidae family. The name “Sturnidae” originates from the Latin word “Sturnus,” which means “starling.” Because of their iridescent plumage, several Asian species, particularly the bigger ones, are known as mynas, while many African species are known as glossy starlings.

Starlings may be found across Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as northern Australia and the tropical Pacific islands. Several European and Asian species and North America, Hawaii, and New Zealand have been brought to these locations, where they compete for habitat with local birds and are considered invasive species.

Several European and Asian species and North America, Hawaii, and New Zealand have been brought to these locations, where they compete for habitat with local birds and are considered invasive species. The common starling is the starling species most people are familiar within Europe and North America, and the common myna is found over most of Asia and the Pacific.

Starlings have powerful feet, a strong and straight flight, and a sociable nature. They enjoy open area to live in, and they consume insects and fruit. Several animals that dwell near human settlements are functionally omnivores.

Many species hunt for grubs by “open-bill probing,” which involves forcing the bill open after inserting it into a fissure, therefore enlarging the hole and exposing the prey; this behavior is described by the German word zirkeln (pronounced ).

Many species’ plumage is generally black with a metallic shine. The majority of species build their nests in holes and lay blue or white eggs.

Starlings have a wide range of vocalizations and have been found to incorporate noises from their environment, such as vehicle alarms and human speech patterns, into their own cries. The birds can distinguish certain persons based on their cries, and they are being studied to learn more about the origins of human language.

Starlings are a medium-sized species of passerine bird. Kenrick’s starling (Poeoptera kenricki) has the smallest body at 15 cm (6 in), whereas Abbott’s starling (Poeoptera femoralis) has the lightest weight at 34 g (1+14% ounce). Based on conventional dimensions and perhaps weight, the Nias hill myna is the biggest starling (Gracula robusta).

This species may grow up to 36 cm (14 in) in length and weigh up to 400 g when domesticated (14 oz). The mynas of the genus Mino are similarly enormous, notably the yellow-faced (M. dumontii) and long-tailed mynas, which rival the previous species in mass if not size (M. kreffti). The white-necked myna (Streptocitta albicollis), which may grow up to 50 cm (19+12 in) in length, is the longest species in the family, however its relatively long tail accounts for around 60% of its length.

Only 25 species display sexual dimorphism in plumage, indicating that there is less sexual dimorphism in plumage. Iridescence causes the starling’s plumage to be brilliantly colored; this color is generated from the structure of the feathers, not from any pigment.

Some Asian starling species have crests or erectile feathers on their heads. Elongated tail feathers and vividly colored exposed regions on the face are among the other features. As shown in the Bali starling, these colors can come from pigments or structural color, which is generated by light bouncing off parallel collagen strands. Many species have red and yellow irises, however the irises of juvenile birds are significantly darker.

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