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In human evolution, the primary means of transportation were walking, running, and swimming. Before the industrial revolution and modernization, water transport was the most efficient way of transporting large quantities of goods over long distances, although it was very slow and expensive. The importance of water transport led to the growth of cities along rivers and shores where boats, canoes, and ships could dock.

The domestication of animals and the invention of the sled gave way to the first animal transport services. Horses and oxen were used as early as 3000 BC to transport goods and humans and traveled on dirt roads. Subsequent civilizations such as Mesopotamian and the Indus Valley built paved roads to facilitate transportation.

The industrial revolution of the 19th century turned transportation upside down. It is the age of many inventions that fundamentally changed the concept of transportation. Communication, telegraphy, the steam engine, and the steam ship sped global transportation in all directions. Land transport became possible over long distances without the application of animal or human muscles. The Wright brothers’ successful experiences with aircraft paved the way for airplanes, and air travel has become a faster way of transporting goods and people in shorter times to other destinations.

Modes Of Transport

A “mode of transportation” is a method or solution that uses a particular type of infrastructure, operation, and vehicle to transport people and cargo. One mode can be used alone or in conjunction with several other modes; in this case, reference is made to “intermodal” or “multimodal” transport. Each is distinct from the other and is used depending on the choice of factors such as the cost of transport, the route is taken, the capacity, etc.

1. Human-powered – This is most common in developing and underdeveloped countries due to several factors such as cost savings, accessibility, physical exercise, and environmental reasons. Human-powered transport is a sustainable form of transport and has recently been improved by the use of modern machinery and technology – e.g., cycling, skating, rowing, skiing, which are extremely useful in difficult environments.

2. Powered by Animals – Whether ridden by humans or used as pack animals for the movement of people and goods, animals can work alone or in teams – e.g., mules, horse-carts carriages, dog sleds, etc.

3. Air – Airplanes, and aircraft have significantly reduced journey times and are the fastest mode of passenger and freight transportation. High costs and high energy consumption are the disadvantages of air transportation.

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