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One of the earliest types of seat furniture is the stool. It resembles a chair in many ways. It consists of a single seat for one person, with no back or armrests (in early stools), and one, two, three, or four legs on a stool’s base. A stool differs from a chair in that it does not have arms or a back. Some people refer to these different stools as “backless chairs” since they have one, two, or five legs. Backs can be seen on certain contemporary stools. Folding stools may be made flat by turning the seat so that it is parallel to the fold-up legs.

Stools are said to be one of the first kinds of wooden furniture, although its origins are unknown. In Ancient Greece, the diphros was a four-legged stool that came in both fixed and foldable variants. According to Percy Macquoid, the turned stool was brought into Europe by the Varangian Guard from Byzantium, and hence through Norse culture, reaching England via the Normans.

Stool For Milking

Seating in the medieval period consisted of benches, stools, and the extremely uncommon throne-like seats that served as a prestige symbol. The boarded or Gothic stool, a small seat with two board-like feet at the ends, and the plain turned stool were popular. Both the turned chair and the Windsor chair have their origins in turned stools.

The simplest stool had a solid board seat with three legs with round mortice and tenon joints, similar to the Windsor chair. The green woodworking method of putting already-dried legs into a still-green seat was most likely employed to make these basic chairs. The joints are held tight while the seat dries and shrinks. These legs were first created by cutting down a basic branch or pole, with later versions taking on turned forms.

Three-legged stools have been found in artifacts dating back to the 17th century, as well as an image of an early turned stool from the same time. Three-legged stools are useful for agricultural workers milking cows, for example.

Later advances in the 17th century developed the joined stool, which used growing joinery methods to create a bigger box-like stool from the smallest amount of wood possible by connecting long thin spindles and rails at right angles.

The backstool is a stage between the stool and the chair in the development process. A basic three-legged twisted stool with a crossways pad would have its back leg stretched outwards. Backstools were always three-legged, with the back leg in the center.

Turned backstools paved the way for the three-legged turned chair, which had a wider backrest supported by diagonal spindles that went down to front leg extensions. The turned armchair design evolved as these diagonal supports grew larger, taller, and more level throughout time.

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