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Cotton is the most natural textile fiber in the world, and behind it there is a great story. It is grown in many temperate tropical regions; China, Russia, United States, India, Pakistan, Brazil, Turkey and Mexico are the leading producers.
Cotton is white, brownish-white, yellowish-white or bluish-white, soft, which surrounds the seeds of some plants, genus Gossypium, of the mallow family. Cotton is used in inner and outer clothing, accessories and decorative materials and is widely used in industrial fabrics.
Different types of cotton differ in such characteristics as fiber, finesse and the ability to absorb color. High-quality textiles are made of long fiber, durable fibers are made from short cotton fibers.
It is known that Cotton grew in pre-Inca Peru and related areas. It was also made into fabric in India as early as 1800 B.C. Records show that cotton grown in Japan is about 800 A.D.
The Crusades spread knowledge about cotton throughout Europe, by way of Egypt, Persia and the Far East. The thirteenth century in England was noted for its cotton candles. In 1492, Christopher Columbus found the cotton island in the Bahamas and took samples with him when he returned to Spain. Knowledge of cotton has spread to other European countries.
In 1519, Pizzaro and Cortez found cotton grown in Mexico, Central America and South America, and in 1520 Magellan discovered that cotton is widely grown in Brazil.
The two most important textile fibers in the pre-Colombian period were cotton and wool (llamas and alpacas). The Spanish settlers, who planted cotton seeds, until the eighteenth century, and Brazil and the West Indies became the world’s centers for the production of cotton.
Cotton industry was founded in England in 1641. Cotton quickly became competitive with wool, and in 1701, to protect the big business of trading wool with the Continent, England forbade the use of cotton in any way.
Upland cotton – which is about 90% of world production, was born in Mexico and South America.
Extra-long staple cotton – which is 8% of production. Highest quality and used for the production of fine Egyptian cotton.
Tree cotton – less than 2% of world production, this type is native to India and Pakistan and can grow up to two meters in height.
Levant cotton – less than 2% of production. This shrub grows in semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
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