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Dentistry, also known as dental medicine or oral medicine, is the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, including the dentition but also the oral mucosa, as well as adjacent and related structures and tissues, particularly in the maxillofacial (jaw and facial) area. Although the temporomandibular joint and other supporting, muscular, lymphatic, neurological, vascular, and anatomical systems are usually associated with teeth in the general public, dentistry or dental medicine encompasses other parts of the craniofacial complex.

In certain areas, dentistry is also thought to encompass the now mostly extinct medical discipline of stomatology (the study of the mouth and its problems and illnesses), and the two names are used interchangeably.

A dental team, which usually comprises a dentist and dental auxiliaries, performs dental procedures (dental assistants, dental hygienists, dental technicians, and dental therapists). The majority of dentists work in private offices (primary care), dental hospitals, or institutes (secondary care) (prisons, armed forces bases, etc.).

The first specialty in medicine is considered to have been dentistry. With the earliest evidence ranging from 7000 BC to 5500 BC, the history of dentistry is virtually as old as the history of humankind and civilization. Skeletal remains from the period from Mehgarh (now Pakistan) reveal signs of teeth being drilled using flint tools to remove decay, a procedure that was found to be “surprisingly successful.” Data-based dentistry is a current trend that advocates for the use of high-quality scientific evidence to guide decision-making.

Dentistry is a term that refers to procedures that deal with the teeth. According to the World Health Organization, oral illnesses are important public health issues due to their widespread incidence and prevalence, with the poor being more impacted than other socioeconomic categories.

The majority of dental treatments are performed to prevent or cure dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal disease, the two most prevalent oral illnesses (gum disease or pyorrhea). Restoration of teeth, extraction or surgical removal of teeth, scaling and root planing, endodontic root canal therapy, and cosmetic dentistry are common treatments.

In the United States, all dentists must finish at least three years of undergraduate study, although virtually all earn a bachelor’s degree. Following this, four years of dental school are required to become a “Doctor of Dental Surgery” (DDS) or “Doctor of Dental Medicine” (DMD). Anesthesiology, Dental Public Health, Endodontics, Oral Radiology, Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, Orofacial Pain, Pathology, Orthodontics, Pediatric Dentistry, Periodontics, and Prosthodontics are among the dental specialties offered.

They can conduct the majority of dental procedures, including restorative (fillings, crowns, bridges), prosthetics (dentures), endodontic (root canal) therapy, periodontal (gum) therapy, and tooth extraction, as well as exams, radiographs (x-rays), and diagnostics, due to their broad training. Dentists can also prescribe antibiotics, sedatives, and any other medicines that are utilized inpatient treatment. General dentists may be needed to undergo extra training to conduct sedation, dental implants, and other procedures, depending on their licensing boards.

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