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Sydney is the capital of New South Wales and Australia’s and Oceania’s most populated city. The metropolis, which is located on Australia’s east coast, encompasses Port Jackson and stretches for roughly 70 kilometers (43.5 miles) around it, with the Blue Mountains to the west, Hawkesbury to the north, the Royal National Park to the south, and Macarthur to the Southwest. There are 658 suburbs in Sydney, which are divided into 33 local government districts. There are at least 15 formally recognized regions. “Sydneysiders” are the residents of the city. Sydney’s anticipated metropolitan population was 5,367,206 as of June 2020, accounting for around 66 percent of the state’s population.

The Sydney area has been occupied by Indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, and hundreds of carvings can still be found across the region, making it one of Australia’s richest in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites. At the time of European contact, the area was home to around 29 clan groupings of the Eora Nation. Lieutenant James Cook and his crew were the first Europeans to map the eastern coast of Australia on their first Pacific trip in 1770, making a landing at Botany Bay and piqueing British interest in the region.

The First Fleet of convicts, led by Arthur Phillip, established Sydney as the first European settlement in Australia in 1788. The town was named after Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, by Phillip. After Sydney was established as a city in 1842, penal transportation to New South Wales came to an end.

In 1851, the colony saw a gold rush, and Sydney grew from a colonial outpost to a significant worldwide cultural and commercial center during the next century. It witnessed huge migration after WWII and became one of the world’s most cosmopolitan cities. More than 250 distinct languages were spoken in Sydney at the time of the 2011 census.

Approximately 35.8% of inhabitants speak a language other than English at home, according to the 2016 Census. Furthermore, 45.4 percent of the population claimed to have been born outside of the country, making it the world’s third-largest foreign-born population after London and New York City. Sydney lost a net of 716,832 people to the rest of Australia between 1971 and 2018, although its population has continued to increase, owing primarily to immigration.

Despite being one of the world’s most costly cities, Sydney is consistently ranked in the top ten most livable cities. The Globalization and World Cities Research Network have designated it as an Alpha Global City, signifying its impact in the area and throughout the world.

The Globalization and World Cities Research Network have designated it as an Alpha Global City, signifying its impact in the area and throughout the world. Sydney has a sophisticated market economy with strengths in banking, industry, and tourism and is ranked twelfth in the world for economic opportunity. Sydney is touted as Australia’s financial center and one of Asia Pacific’s main financial centers, with a substantial concentration of foreign banks and global businesses. The University of Sydney, Australia’s first university, was founded in 1850 and is now recognized as one of the world’s top universities. Sydney is also home to Australia’s oldest library, the State Library of New South Wales, which was founded in 1826.

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