In the Julian and Gregorian calendars, June is the sixth month of the year, the second of four months with a length of 30 days and the third of five months with a duration of less than 31 days. In the Northern Hemisphere, June contains the summer solstice, the day with the greatest daylight hours, and in the Southern Hemisphere, June contains the winter solstice, the day with the fewest daylight hours (excluding polar regions in both cases).
The Northern Hemisphere’s June corresponds to the Southern Hemisphere’s December, and vice versa. The traditional astronomical summer begins on June 21 in the Northern Hemisphere (meteorological summer begins on 1 June). Meteorological winter begins on June 1 in the Southern Hemisphere.
The sun rises in the constellation of Taurus at the beginning of June and in the constellation of Gemini at the end of June. June, however, begins with the sun in the astrological sign of Gemini and finishes with the sun in the astrological sign of Cancer owing to the precession of the equinoxes.
Junius is the Latin word for June. In the Fasti, a poem on the Roman calendar, Ovid proposes many etymologies for the term. The first is that the month is named after Juno, the Roman goddess of marriage and Jupiter’s wife; the second is that the name originates from the Latin term iuniores, which means “younger ones,” as opposed to maiores (“elders”), after which the preceding month May (Maius) may be called.
June is said to be named after Lucius Junius Brutus, the founder of the Roman Republic and progenitor of the Roman gens Junia, according to another version.
The time from mid-May to mid-June was considered unlucky for marriage in ancient Rome. Ovid claims that he sought advice from Flaminica Dialis, Jupiter’s high priestess, over the timing of his daughter’s wedding and was urged to postpone it until after June 15. Plutarch, on the other hand, suggests that June was a better month for marriages than May.
In June, there are a few meteor showers. Each year, the Arietids run from May 22 to July 2, peaking on June 7. The Beta Taurids will be in town from June 5 to July 18. Each year, the June Bootids take place between June 26 and July 2.
The celebration of Ludi Fabarici took place from May 29 to June 1, Kalendae Fabariae on June 1, the Festival of Bellona on June 3, Ludi Piscatorii on June 7, and Vestalia from June 7 to June 15, according to the ancient Roman calendar. On June 20, a Rosalia was held. Every 100 years or so, the Secular Games were held in either May or June. These dates do not match to the Gregorian calendar as we know it today.
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