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In both the Julian and Gregorian calendars, March is the third month of the year. It is the second of seven months with a 31-day duration. The first day of March marks the meteorological start of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. The astronomical start of spring in the Northern Hemisphere is March 20 or 21, while the start of fall in the Southern Hemisphere is September, which is the seasonal counterpart of March in the Northern Hemisphere.

March takes its name from Martius, the first month of the Roman calendar. It was called after Mars, the Roman god of battle and, via his sons Romulus and Remus, an ancestor of the Roman people. Martius was the first month of the battle season, and the festivals conducted in his honor throughout the month were followed by others in October, when the season for these activities ended. Several religious observances in the first part of the month were originally new year’s festivities, and Martius remained the first month of the Roman calendar year as late as 153 BC. Even in late antiquity, Roman mosaics depicting the months still put March first on occasion.

Until the end of the 15th century, March 1 was the start of the numbered year in Russia. Until 1752, when the Gregorian calendar was ultimately adopted, Great Britain and her colonies continued to use March 25. (the fiscal year in the UK continues to begin on 6 April, initially identical to 25 March in the former Julian calendar). In many other cultures and religions, the beginning of the New Year is still celebrated in March.

In the Northern Hemisphere (North America, Europe, Asia, and a portion of Africa), March is the first month of spring, whereas in the Southern Hemisphere it is the first month of fall or autumn (South America, part of Africa, and Oceania).

Agonium Martiale, celebrated on March 1, March 14, and March 17, Matronalia, celebrated on March 1, Junonalia, celebrated on March 7, Equirria, celebrated on March 14, Mamuralia, celebrated on March 14, Mamuralia, celebrated on either March 14 or March 15, Hilaria, celebrated on March 15 and then through March 22″28, Argei, celebrated on March 16″17, Liberalia and Bacchanalia, celebrated March 17, Quinquatria, celebrated March 19″23, and Tubilustrium These dates do not match to the Gregorian calendar as we know it today.

Other Monikers

The month of March is known in Finnish as maaliskuu, which is said to be derived from maallinen kuu, and it is during this month that the earth finally emerges from behind the snow (other etymological theories have however been put forward). The month is known in Ukrainian as eреен/berezen, which means birch tree, and in Czech as bezen. The Saxon Lentmonat, called after the March equinox and steady lengthening of days, and the eventual namesake of Lent are two historical names for March. March was also known as Rhed-monat or Hreth-monath by the Saxons (after their goddess Rhedam/Hreth), and Hyld-monath by the Angles.

The original Slovene term for this month is suec, which means “the month when the land becomes dry enough to crop.” The name was first recorded in the kofja Loka manuscript in 1466. Other names were also used, such as brezen and breznik, which mean “birch month.” After the name of the deity Mars, the Turkish term Mart was coined.

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