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Arctic fox (Vulpes Lagopus), also known as the white fox, or snow fox, is a small fox that lives in the northern hemisphere’s Arctic regions and is common in the biome of the Arctic tundra. It is well adapted to life in cold conditions and is best known for its thick and warm fur, which also serves as camouflage. In the wild, most individuals do not survive in the first year of life, but some exceptional ones live to 11 years. Its body length ranges from 18 to 27 inches (46 to 68 cm), with a generally rounded body shape to minimize body heat escape.
Arctic fox preys on many small creatures such as lemmings, field voles, ringed seal puppies, fish, waterfowl, and seabirds. They also eat carrion, berries, seaweed, insects, and other small invertebrates. During the breeding season, Arctic foxes form monogamous pairs, and they stay together to raise their cubs in elaborate underground dens. Other family members can sometimes help raise their children. The natural predators of the Arctic fox are golden eagles, polar bears, wolverines, red foxes, wolves, and grizzly bears.
The Arctic fox should experience a temperature difference of up to 90-100 ° C (160-180 ° F) between the external environment and their internal temperature. The arctic fox curled up, legs and head folded tight under its body and behind its hairy tail to avoid heat loss. This position gives the fox the smallest surface/volume ratio and protects the least isolated areas.
Arctic foxes also remain warm, protecting themselves from the wind and being in their den. Even though Arctic foxes are active year-round and do not hibernate, they try to preserve fat by reducing their physical activity. They accumulate fat in the fall, sometimes increasing body weight by more than 50%. It provides better thermal insulation in winter and a source of energy when it is scarce.
In the spring, the attention of the Arctic fox switches to breeding and the house for its potential offspring. They live in large dens in non-freezing, slightly elevated soil. These are complex tunnel systems covering up to 1000 m2 (1200 m2) and often found in eskers, long ridges of sediment deposited in previously glacial regions. These dens have existed for several decades and are used by many generations of foxes.
The Arctic fox is inclined to choose pits easily accessible through numerous entrances and free of snow and ice, which facilitates their burial.
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