An award, sometimes called a distinction, is one that is presented to the recipient in recognition of outstanding achievement in a particular field. When the token is a medal, ribbon, or other item to be worn, it is known as a decoration.
The reward can be described from three sides: 1) to whom is given 2) what 3) by whom, everything depends on the goal.
The recipient is often an individual or other representative of a group of people, be it an organization, a sports team, or an entire country. The award can be a decoration, i.e. a mark suitable for wearing, such as a medal, badge, ribbon, or pin. It can also be a token such as a sign, prize, trophy or commemorative plaque. The award may also be accompanied by a title, certificate or diploma, as well as an item of direct value, such as moneyw or a scholarship.
In addition, Honorable Mention is an award usually given in the field of education that does not give the recipient (s) a higher position, but is considered worthy of honorable mention. The award can be presented as a government decoration by a sovereign state, dynasty, or other government agency (see fount of honour), or another private organization or individual. The latter may also include ecclesiastical authorities, for example in the case of ecclesiastical awards.
For example, the Nobel Prize recognizes contributions to the society, and the Pulitzer Prize celebrates literary achievement. An award may simply be a public acknowledgment of outstanding achievement without a tangible sign or award.
Sports tournament prizes are often in the form of cups, a tradition that goes back to the ancient Greek tripod that was given to winners in sports competitions. The Stanley Cup is a modern example. In contrast, employee recognition awards are often in the form of plaques or pieces of crystal. The prize may include a cash prize awarded to the recipient.
Finally, an award may recognize participation rather than victory. There is controversy over the appropriateness of student participation awards in US schools.
The relative field for awards is phaleristics, an auxiliary science of history and numismatics that studies orders, fraternities, and award items such as medals and other decorations.
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