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A power cable is an electrical cable made up of one or more electrical conductors that are generally kept together by a sheath. The assembly is utilized for electrical power transmission. Power cables can be hidden in the ground, run above, or exposed as permanent wiring within structures. NM-B cables are power cables wrapped inside thermoplastic sheathing and meant to be routed inside a structure (nonmetallic sheathed building cable).

Portable gadgets, mobile tools, and machines all utilize flexible power connections.

In 1882, Thomas Edison in New York City built the first electricity distribution system, which consisted of copper rods wrapped in jute and put in stiff pipes filled with a bituminous mix. Even though Charles Goodyear developed vulcanized rubber in 1844, it was not employed for cable insulation until the 1880s, when it was used for lighting circuits. In 1897, a rubber-insulated cable was utilized to build 11,000-volt circuits for the Niagara Falls power project.

By 1895, mass-impregnated paper-insulated medium voltage cables had become economically viable. Several types of synthetic rubber and polyethylene insulation were used to insulate wires during WWII.

In North America, typically residential and the business building has gone through numerous technologies:

Initially, staples were used to install bare and cloth-covered wires.

The 1880s-1930s knob and tube wiring with asphalt-saturated fabric or later rubber insulation

Armored cable, known by the genericized trademark “BX,” was created in 1906 and consisted of a flexible steel sheath with two cloth-covered, rubber-insulated conductors. It is more costly than single open conductors.

In 1922, rubber-insulated wires with woven cotton fabric jackets (typically coated with tar) and waxed paper filler were introduced.

In the early 1920s, the two- or three-wire+ground PVC-insulated cable (e.g., NM-B) known as “Romex” is created.

Aluminum wire was utilized as a cheap substitute for copper in the 1960s and 1970s, and it is still used today. However, it is now considered dangerous without appropriate installation owing to corrosion, softness, and connection creep.

From the 1920s through the 1970s, asbestos was employed as an insulator (electrical) in some textile cables.

Metal armor in the shape of wires coiled around the cable or a corrugated tape wrapped around it may be included in cables for direct burying or exposed installations. The armor can be composed of steel or aluminum, and it is not meant to conduct electricity during regular operation, despite being linked to earth ground. Raceways, such as electrical conduits and cable trays, are sometimes used to install electrical power cables containing one or more conductors.

Nonmetallic sheathed building cable (NM-B) consists of two or more wire conductors (plus a grounding conductor) wrapped inside a heat-resistant thermoplastic insulation sheath when used inside a building. It offers benefits over armored construction cable in that it is lighter, more straightforward to handle, and has a more flexible covering.

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