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An industrial facility for the production of electricity is referred to as a power station, sometimes known as a power plant, generating station, or generating plant. In most cases, power plants are wired into a grid.

A revolving device called a generator, which transforms mechanical power into three-phase electric power, is found in many power plants. An electric current is produced by the movement of a conductor in relation to a magnetic field.

Numerous different energy sources can be used to drive the generator. The majority of power plants throughout the world produce electricity by burning fossil fuels including coal, oil, and natural gas. Nuclear energy and the growing usage of renewable energy sources including solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectricity are examples of low-carbon power sources.

In thermal power plants, a heat engine converts thermal energy”often from the burning of a fuel”into rotational energy, which is then used to generate mechanical power. Since the majority of thermal power plants generate steam, they are occasionally referred to as steam power plants. The second rule of thermodynamics states that not all thermal energy can be converted into mechanical power; as a result, heat is constantly wasted to the environment. The power plant is referred to as a cogeneration power plant or CHP (combined heat-and-power) plant if this loss is used as usable heat, for industrial operations or district heating. There are specialized heat plants known as heat-only boiler stations in nations where district heating is widespread. In the Middle East, a significant class of power plants uses waste heat to desalinate water.

The greatest working fluid temperature that may be produced in a thermal power cycle determines its efficiency. The kind of fuel used has no direct impact on efficiency. Coal, nuclear, and gas power plants all have the same theoretical efficiency for the same steam conditions. Overall, a system that operates continuously (base load) will be more effective than one that operates just sometimes (peak load). When used at full capacity, steam turbines often run more efficiently.

Combining two separate thermodynamic cycles into a combined cycle plant is one technique to increase a power plant’s overall efficiency, in addition to using reject heat for district or process heating. Most frequently, steam is produced for a boiler and a steam turbine using the exhaust gases from a gas turbine. A “top” cycle and a “bottom” cycle working together results in a better overall efficiency than each cycle could achieve on its own.

The largest coal-fired power plant building project in Russia, an 8 GW thermal power plant was intended to be built in 2018 by Inter RAO UES and State Grid.