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A swimming pool, sometimes known as a swimming bath, wading pool, paddling pool, or simply pool, is a water-holding structure used for swimming and other leisure activities. Pools can be constructed into the ground (in-ground pools) or above ground (as a standalone structure or as part of a building or other bigger structure), and they are common on cruise ships and ocean liners. In-ground pools are often made of concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic, or fiberglass, and can be created to a bespoke size and form or to a conventional size, with the Olympic-size swimming pool being the biggest.

Pools are found in many health clubs, fitness facilities, and private clubs, and are mostly utilized for exercise or leisure. Pools are often available for public use in communities of all sizes. Although many of these municipal pools are outside, indoor pools may also be found in structures like recreation facilities. Pools may be offered for guests to use at their leisure at hotels. Pools are more prevalent at hotels in tourist regions or near conference centers.

Pools are sometimes found at educational institutions like high schools and colleges for physical education classes, recreational activities, leisure, and competitive athletics like swimming teams. Hot tubs and spas are heated pools of water that can be used for leisure or hydrotherapy. Swimming pools with special features are also used for diving, aquatic sports, physical rehabilitation, and the training of lifeguards and astronauts. Swimming pools are typically chlorinated or salt water, and they can be heated or unheated.

The “Great Bath,” excavated around the 3rd millennium BC in Mohenjo-Daro in modern-day Pakistan, was most likely the first swimming pool. The pool measures 12 by 7 meters (39 by 23 feet), is lined with bricks, and is coated with tar.

Artificial pools were created by the ancient Greeks and Romans for athletic training, nautical sports, and military exercises in the palaestras. Private swimming pools were common among Roman emperors, and one of the Latin terms for a pool was piscina. Gaius Maecenas created the first heated swimming pool in his gardens on Rome’s Esquiline Hill, most likely between 38 and 8 BC. Gaius Maecenas was Augustus’ rich imperial adviser and one of the first patrons of the arts.

In the 4th century BC, the ancient Sinhalese created a pair of ponds known as “Kuttam Pokuna” in the kingdom of Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. They were embellished with flights of steps, punkalas (abundant pots), and scroll artistry.

In the mid-nineteenth century, swimming pools were popular in the United Kingdom. Six indoor pools with diving boards existed in London, England, as early as 1837. The Maidstone Swimming Club, based in Maidstone, Kent, is said to be the country’s oldest surviving swimming club. It was founded in 1844 in response to worries about drownings in the River Medway, particularly because would-be rescuers frequently drowned because they couldn’t swim to safety themselves. The club used to organize races, diving events, and water polo matches in the River Medway. A floating raft on the river was used to serve coffee and biscuits, according to the South East Gazette of July 1844. The coffee was heated over an open fire, and club members had to wade water while drinking coffee. To the delight of 150 onlookers, the last swimmers managed to flip the raft.

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