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A tram is a train that travels along a tramway track on public city streets, with certain sections of segregated right-of-way. Tramways, or simply tram/streetcar, are the routes or networks that tramcars use as public transportation. Many new tramways use the name “light rail” to describe them. In North America, the vehicles are known as streetcars or trolleys (not to be confused with trolleybuses), whereas in other parts of the world, they are known as trams or tramcars. In the United States, the first two words are frequently interchanged, with trolleys favored in the east and streetcars favoured in Canada and the west. Internally powered buses that resemble streetcars are sometimes referred to as “trolleys” in some regions of the United States. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA) refers to them as “trolley-replica buses” to prevent additional misunderstanding with trolley buses. The term tram is frequently used in the United States to refer to rubber-tired trackless trains that are unconnected to other types of trams.

Trams are typically smaller and lighter than main line and rapid transit trains. Most trams now run on electricity, which is supplied by a pantograph that slides along an overhead line; older trams may run on a trolley pole or a bow collector. A contact shoe mounted on a third rail is sometimes utilized. They may have dual power systems if necessary, with electricity in metropolitan streets and diesel in more rural areas. Trams are occasionally used to transport freight. Trams are now usually referred to as “light rail,” a phrase that also encompasses grade-separated lines. Tram-trains, like interurban networks, may feature parts that travel on mainline railway lines. The distinctions between various kinds of rail transportation are frequently blurry, and a single system may have several features.

Ultra Light Rail (ULR) trains and trams are a new light rail type that weighs about 5 tons per axle (empty) and is designed to replace primary bus routes in smaller cities and villages. Coventry Very Light Rail, ULR Partners future-light-rail, or low-traffic branch train lines are all possibilities. They might be regular trams, rail motor-sized trams, or smaller modular units that can platoon. They have all of the advantages of regular trams, but with their lighter weight, prefabricated beam type rails, and/or onboard power choices, they may avoid costly service diversions and/or OHL Over Head Lines. OHL might be decreased or avoided with the use of hydrogen, biomethane, and batteries. As a result, installation costs may be less than those of traditional trains and trams.

The low rolling resistance of metal wheels on steel rails was one of the trams’ benefits over older modes of transportation, allowing them to move a higher load for a given effort. The high total expense of horse ownership was one of the issues. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, electric trams mainly supplanted animal power. Trams were phased out in the mid-twentieth century as alternative modes of transportation, such as buses, improved. Trams, on the other hand, have experienced a renaissance in recent years. The Aubagne tramway in Southern France became the world’s first tram system to operate without charging fees in 2014.

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