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Hazard symbols, sometimes known as warning symbols, are recognizable symbols used to alert people to the presence of hazardous or harmful products, locations, or items, such as electric currents, toxins, or radiation. The usage of hazard symbols is frequently governed by legislation and governed by standards groups. Hazard symbols can have a variety of colors, backgrounds, borders, and extra information to indicate the type of hazard and its severity (for example, toxicity classes). Many sites employ warning symbols instead of or in addition to textual warnings because they are easier to notice (faster than reading a written warning) and more widely understood (the same symbol can be recognized as having the same meaning to speakers of different languages).

The worldwide radiation sign (commonly known as the trefoil) initially appeared in 1946 at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory of the University of California. It was produced in magenta and placed on a blue background at the time. The original design in use in the United States is magenta on a yellow backdrop, with a central circle of radius R, an internal radius of 1.5R, and an exterior radius of 5R for the blades, which are 60 degrees apart. In the international variant, which is also used in the United States, the trefoil is black.

Although the sign is usually referred to as a radioactivity warning sign, it is really an ionizing radiation warning sign. Many non-radioactive sources also release potentially deadly quantities of ionizing radiation, making ionizing radiation a far larger category than radioactivity alone. This comprises x-ray machines, linear accelerators for radiation, and particle accelerators. Non-ionizing radiation can also reach deadly levels, although this warning signal is not the same as the trefoil ionizing radiation symbol.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) announced the approval of a new ionizing radiation warning emblem to replace the previous trefoil symbol on February 15, 2007. The new emblem, which will be placed on sealed radiation sources, is intended to warn anybody, wherever, about the dangers of being near a powerful source of ionizing radiation. A black trefoil with waves of radiation pouring from it, a black skull and crossbones, and a sprinting figure with an arrow pointing away from the scene are depicted on a red backdrop. Radiation is indicated by the radiating trefoil, while danger is indicated by the red backdrop and the skull and crossbones. The person fleeing the scene is designed to imply that action should be taken to avoid the indicated substance. The new sign is not meant to be visible to the general public, but rather to display on internal components of devices that house radiation sources, so that anybody attempting to disassemble such devices will notice a clear warning not to proceed.

The skull-and-crossbones emblem, which consists of a human skull with two bones crossed behind it, is now widely used as a warning of impending death, especially in the case of dangerous drugs.

The sign, or a version of it, was also used on the Jolly Roger, the classic flag of European and American seagoing pirates, with the bones (or swords) below the skull. It is also part of the Canadian WHMIS home symbols, which are placed on containers to warn of toxic contents.

The Mr. Yuk sign is also used to represent poison in the United States, due to worries that the skull-and-crossbones emblem’s connection with pirates would entice youngsters to play with harmful items.

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