Reptil yang punah yang dikenal sebagai ichthyosaurus. Ichthyosaurus adalah anggota Ichthyosauria atau Ichthyopterygia.
Ichthyosaurs berkembang untuk sebagian besar era Mesozoikum; Menurut fosil, mereka awalnya muncul sekitar 250 juta tahun yang lalu, dan setidaknya satu spesies hidup sampai akhir Kapur, sekitar 90 juta tahun yang lalu. Ichthyosaurs berevolusi dari sekelompok reptil tanah yang tidak dikenal yang kembali ke laut selama zaman Trias Awal, dalam proses yang mirip dengan bagaimana leluhur yang tinggal di darat mamalia dari lumba-lumba dan paus modern kembali ke jutaan laut tahun kemudian, di mana mereka, yang mereka lakukan, yang mereka, yang mereka, yang mereka kembali, yang mereka lakukan jutaan tahun kemudian, di mana mereka, yang mereka kembalikan ke laut, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, di mana mereka kembali ke jutaan orang, di mana mereka, di mana mereka, yang mereka kembali ke jutaan lumba lumba lumba, yang mereka kembali ke jutaan lumba lumba lumba, secara bertahap datang ke res
Resolusi: 601 × 460
Tamanho: 123 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1229 × 438
Tamanho: 372 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 925 × 525
Tamanho: 115 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1100 × 542
Tamanho: 244 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 631 × 310
Tamanho: 36 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1024 × 1024
Tamanho: 329 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1200 × 1500
Tamanho: 746 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 693 × 800
Tamanho: 298 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1157 × 530
Tamanho: 261 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1000 × 414
Tamanho: 213 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1200 × 2100
Tamanho: 1746 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 2037 × 1488
Tamanho: 1066 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1044 × 527
Tamanho: 654 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 995 × 600
Tamanho: 699 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 953 × 953
Tamanho: 274 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 681 × 295
Tamanho: 83 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 600 × 600
Tamanho: 27 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1000 × 367
Tamanho: 382 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1000 × 622
Tamanho: 372 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1024 × 1024
Tamanho: 243 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 512 × 512
Tamanho: 44 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 640 × 237
Tamanho: 120 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 2560 × 1463
Tamanho: 1352 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1000 × 690
Tamanho: 596 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 800 × 693
Tamanho: 606 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1000 × 483
Tamanho: 529 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 1183 × 557
Tamanho: 585 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 860 × 600
Tamanho: 15 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 470 × 275
Tamanho: 124 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 597 × 236
Tamanho: 38 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 800 × 543
Tamanho: 256 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 801 × 250
Tamanho: 120 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
Resolusi: 641 × 436
Tamanho: 32 KB
Format gambar: .png
Unduh
When the first complete ichthyosaur bones were discovered in England in the early 1800s, science became aware of their existence. The order Ichthyosauria was established in 1834. Many well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils, including soft-tissue remnants, were unearthed in Germany later that century. There has been a renewed interest in the group since the late twentieth century, resulting in a rise in the number of identified ichthyosaurs from all continents, with over fifty genuine taxa being recognized.
The length of several Ichthyosaur species ranged from 1 to 16 meters (3 to 52 feet). Ichthyosaurs looked like a cross between current fish and dolphins. Their limbs had been completely converted into flippers, with a high number of digits and phalanges on occasion. A dorsal fin was present in at least some species. Their heads were pointed, and their jaws typically had conical teeth to aid in the capture of smaller prey. Larger, bladed teeth were seen in some species, allowing them to attack huge animals. The eyes were enormous, which was presumably advantageous for deep dives. The neck was short, and the trunk of later species was rigid. There was also a more vertical tail fin on them, which was employed for a forceful propelling stroke. The simple disc-like vertebrae of the vertebral column persisted into the lower lobe of the tail fin. Ichthyosaurs were warm-blooded, air-breathing creatures that gave birth to live offspring. They may have been insulated by a coating of blubber.
Edward Lhuyd of Wales provided the earliest known pictures of ichthyosaur bones, vertebrae, and limb parts in his Lithophylacii Brittannici Ichnographia in 1699. They seemed to Lhuyd to be fish remnants. Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, a Swiss biologist, published two ichthyosaur vertebrae in 1708, presuming they belonged to a man perished in the Universal Deluge. An ichthyosaur jaw with teeth was discovered near Bath in 1766. The Society for Promoting Natural History presented this item in 1783 as crocodilian skin. In John Walcott’s Descriptions and Figures of Petrifications, published in 1779, ichthyosaur bones were shown. The extent of British fossil collections significantly grew at the end of the eighteenth century. Naturalists Ashton Lever and John Hunter’s collections were purchased in their whole by museums, and it was later discovered that they contained hundreds of ichthyosaur bones and teeth. The bones were usually identified as those of fish, dolphins, or crocodiles, and the teeth as those of sea lions.
Due to the increased demand from collectors, commercial digging activities became more aggressive. This led in the finding of more complete bones in the early nineteenth century. Edward Donovan discovered a four-metre-long (13-foot) ichthyosaur specimen with a jaw, vertebrae, ribs, and a shoulder girdle in St Donats in 1804. It was thought to be a massive lizard. In October 1805, a newspaper story announced the discovery of two further bones, one by Jacob Wilkinson at Weston and the other by Reverend Peter Hawker in the same settlement. Joseph Hawker, the latter’s relative, described the final specimen in 1807. As a result, geologists dubbed this specimen ‘Hawker’s Crocodile.’ An ichthyosaur jaw was discovered in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1810, and it was merged with plesiosaur bones to create a more complete specimen, indicating that the distinctive character of ichthyosaurs was still unknown, pending the discovery of considerably better specimens.