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Paris is France’s capital and most populous city, with a population of 2,175,601 people living in an area of more than 105 square kilometers as of 2018. (41 square miles). Paris has been a prominent center of banking, diplomacy, trade, fashion, cuisine, science, and the arts in Europe since the 17th century. The City of Paris is the capital and seat of government of the Île-de-France region and province, or Paris Region, which has a population of 12,174,880 people, or nearly 18 percent of France’s population as of 2017. In 2017, the Paris Region’s GDP was ,709 billion ($808 billion). According to the 2018 Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, Paris was the world’s second most expensive city, after Singapore but ahead of Zürich, Hong Kong, Oslo, and Geneva. In 2018, another authority listed Paris as the most expensive city in the world, alongside Singapore and Hong Kong.

Paris is a significant rail, highway, and air transportation center, with two international airports: Paris”Charles de Gaulle (Europe’s second busiest) and Paris”Orly. The Paris Métro, which opened in 1900 and serves 5.23 million passengers daily, is Europe’s second-busiest metro system behind the Moscow Metro. With 262 million passengers in 2015, Gare du Nord is the world’s 24th busiest train station, but the busiest outside of Japan. Despite the protracted museum closures caused by the COVID-19 virus, Paris is recognized for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre remained the world’s most visited museum in 2020, with 2,677,504 visitors.

The Musée d’Orsay, the Musée Marmottan Monet, and the Musée de l’Orangerie are known for their Impressionist art collections. The Musée National d’Art Moderne at the Pompidou Centre has Europe’s biggest collection of modern and contemporary art. The paintings of two famous Parisians are on display at the Musée Rodin and the Musée Picasso. The historical neighborhood in the city center along the Seine is a UNESCO World Heritage Site; notable sites there include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris on the Île de la Cité, which is presently closed for renovations following the fire on April 15, 2019. The Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, also on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées; and the hill of Montmartre, with its artistic history and its Basilica of Sacré-Coeur

Due to the COVID-19 virus, Paris attracted just 12.6 million tourists in 2020, a 73 percent decrease from 2019. The number of visitors from other countries has decreased by 80.7 percent. In 2021, museums reopened with restrictions on the number of visitors allowed at any given time and the necessity that visitors wear masks.

Paris is home to the football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union team Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France is located just north of Paris in the neighboring commune of Saint-Denis, and was erected for the 1998 FIFA World Cup. On the red clay of Roland Garros, Paris holds the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis event. In 1900 and 1924, the city held the Olympic Games, and in 2024, it will host the Summer Olympics. The city has hosted the 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, and the 1960, 1984, and 2016 UEFA European Championships. The Tour de France bicycle race concludes on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris every July.

Julius Caesar originally referenced the ancient oppidum that corresponds to the contemporary city of Paris as Luteciam Parisiorum (‘Lutetia of the Parisii’) in the mid-1st century BC, and it is subsequently confirmed as Parision in the 5th century AD, and finally as Paris in 1265. During the Roman era, it was known as Lutetia or Lutecia in Latin and Leukoteka in Greek, both of which are derived from the Celtic root *lukot- (‘mouse’) or *luto- (‘marsh, swamp’), depending on whether the Latin or Greek version is the most similar to the original Celtic name.

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